Roth v. Commissioner
| Decision Date | 22 January 1998 |
| Docket Number | Docket No. 21823-96. |
| Parties | Raymond E. Roth v. Commissioner. |
| Court | U.S. Tax Court |
Raymond E. Roth, pro se. Janet J. Johnson, for the respondent.
This matter is before us on respondent's motion for judgment on the pleadings under Rule 120.1 Respondent determined deficiencies in Federal individual income tax and additions to tax under sections 6651(f)2 (fraud), 6654 (underpayment of estimated tax), and 6663 (fraud) against petitioner as follows:
Additions to Tax
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Year Deficiency Sec. 6651(f) Sec. 6654 Sec. 6663
1989 ...................................... $21,344 $15,474 $112 --
1990 ...................................... 11,065 -- -- $8,299
1991 ...................................... 6,882 -- -- 5,162
1992 ...................................... 11,934 8,652 336 --
1993 ...................................... 11,597 8,4081 486 --
1994 ...................................... 14,183 6,170 662 --
1 The cover letter and schedule 1 of the notice of deficiency show this as a $8,408 addition to tax under sec
6663. Schedule 7 of the notice of deficiency shows this as a $8,408 addition to tax under sec. 6651(f). The matter
is clarified in respondent's answer as being under sec. 6651(f). Petitioner has not raised any concern about this
matter. Taking into account the record as a whole, we hold that respondent determined that the $8,408 addition
to tax for 1993 was under sec. 6651(f) and not under sec. 6663. Bokum v. Commissioner [Dec. 46,408], 94 T.C
126, 127 n. 2 (1990), affd. [93-2 USTC ¶ 50,374] 992 F.2d 1132 (11th Cir. 1993); Saint Paul Bottling Co. v
Commissioner, [Dec. 24,375] 34 T.C. 1137 (1960)
The issues for decision are (1) whether there are any genuine issues as to material facts and, if there are no such issues, then (2) whether respondent is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the deficiencies and additions to tax.
Petitioner invoked this Court's jurisdiction by filing a timely petition from the two notices of deficiency that embodied respondent's determinations described supra. Respondent filed an answer to the petition, including specific allegations with regard to the fraud determinations. Petitioner did not file a reply to this answer. Respondent filed a motion pursuant to Rule 37(c) that undenied allegations in the answer be deemed admitted. The Court issued an order to petitioner, advising him of the filing of respondent's motion under Rule 37(c) and directing petitioner to file a reply to respondent's answer within 20 days of the order. Petitioner failed to file a reply to respondent's answer or otherwise respond to the Court's order. Consequently, we granted respondent's Rule 37(c) motion, and the undenied allegations set forth in respondent's answer were deemed to be admitted. Gilday v. Commissioner [Dec. 32,609], 62 T.C. 260, 261-262 (1974); see Gordon v. Commissioner [Dec. 36,748], 73 T.C. 736, 739-740 (1980).
On May 20, 1997, the Court served the parties with notice of trial in St. Louis, Mo., the location designated by petitioner. On August 22, 1997, respondent filed the instant motion for judgment on the pleadings. After several unsuccessful informal attempts to contact petitioner to arrange for a telephone conference to discuss the instant motion,3 the Court struck the case from the October 27, 1997, St. Louis trial session and established a briefing schedule on the instant motion. Petitioner has not filed any brief or otherwise responded to the instant motion.
Our findings are based entirely on those matters that are admitted or deemed admitted in the pleadings.
When the petition was filed in the instant case, petitioner resided in Belleville, Illinois.
During each of the years 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, petitioner was engaged in the business of publishing a magazine entitled "Southern Illinois Prep Sports" (hereinafter sometimes referred to as SIPS), featuring local high school athletes. Petitioner conducted this business as a sole proprietorship doing business as "Southern Illinois Prep Sports". In each of the years 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, petitioner published two editions of SIPS: a football issue in the fall and a basketball issue in the winter. In 1989, he published three editions — fall, winter, and spring.
During the period 1989, through 1994, petitioner sold advertising in SIPS to local businesses at the following rates: $55 for a business card-sized advertisement; $85 for one-sixth page; $120 for one-quarter page; $200 for one-half page; and $360 for a full page.
During 1990 and 1991, petitioner derived revenue in the amounts of $50,710 and $44,125, respectively, from selling advertising in SIPS. Of the amounts so derived, $25,140 and $20,895 were not reported on petitioner's income tax returns for 1990 and 1991, respectively. Petitioner understated his taxable income on his tax returns for 1990 and 1991 in the amounts of $30,385 and $26,670, respectively. Petitioner understated his income tax liabilities on his tax returns for 1990 and 1991 in the amounts of $11,065 and $6,882, respectively.
Petitioner did not file income tax returns for 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1994. During 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1994, petitioner derived revenue in the amounts of $77,175, $52,485, $53,575, and $59,780, respectively, from selling advertising in SIPS. Petitioner failed to report taxable income for 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1994, in the amounts of $57,505, $31,885, $30,477, and $36,551, respectively. As a result of not filing income tax returns for 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1994, petitioner understated his income tax liabilities for those years in the amounts of $21,344, $11,934, $11,597, and $14,183, respectively.
Petitioner failed to produce any records or other information with respect to these sales of advertising, to respondent in connection with the examination of his tax returns for 1990 and 1991, and in connection with the examination of petitioner's 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1994 income tax liabilities.
(1) Judgment on the pleadings
A motion for judgment on the pleadings will be granted only if the pleadings do not raise a genuine issue as to a material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. DuPont v. Commissioner [Dec. 36,992], 74 T.C. 498, 504 (1980); Anthony v. Commissioner [Dec. 33,848], 66 T.C. 367, 368, (1976), affd. without published opinion 566 F.2d 1168 (3d Cir. 1977).
(2) Genuine issue as to material fact
In the instant case, there are no genuine issues as to the material facts found supra, under Background—Facts, these matters having been deemed admitted by order of the Court.
Petitioner is deemed to have admitted that he understated his tax liabilities by specified amounts for each of the 6 years in issue. This "bottom line" admission eliminates any need to consider matters which might otherwise affect tax liability, such as deductions, credits, or tax filing status.
Because petitioner has failed to plead that any addition to tax should be reduced on account of prepayment credits, or that any fraud addition to tax should be reduced on account of some part of the underpayment's not being due to fraud, or that any addition to tax should be reduced on account of any matter other than the amount of the underpayment, there are no genuine issues as to material facts affecting the amounts of any additions to tax.
(3) Judgment as a matter of law
Respondent is entitled to judgment as a matter of law with respect to the deficiencies and the additions to tax under section 6654.
As to the fraud additions to tax, in order to carry the burden of proof for a year, respondent must prove two elements, as follows: (1) That petitioner has an underpayment of tax for that year, and (2) that some part of that underpayment is due to fraud. Sec. 7454(a); Rule 142(b); e.g., Carter v. Campbell [59-1 USTC ¶ 9306], 264 F.2d 930, 936 (5th Cir. 1959); Stone v. Commissioner [Dec. 30,767], 56 T.C. 213, 220 (1971); Otsuki v. Commissioner [Dec. 29,807], 53 T.C. 96, 105, 106 (1969). Each of these elements must be proven by clear and convincing evidence. DiLeo v. Commissioner [Dec. 47,423], 96 T.C. 858, 873 (1991), affd. [92-1 USTC ¶ 50,197] 959 F.2d 16 (2d Cir. 1992); Parks v. Commissioner [Dec. 46,545], 94 T.C. 654, 663-664 (1990); Hebrank v. Commissioner [Dec. 40,488], 81 T.C. 640, 642 (1983).
For this purpose, respondent need not prove the precise amount of the underpayment resulting from fraud, but only that there is some underpayment and that some part of it is attributable to fraud. E.g., Lee v. United States [72-2 USTC ¶ 9652], 466 F.2d 11, 16-17 (5th Cir. 1972); Plunkett v. Commissioner [72-2 USTC ¶ 9541], 465 F.2d 299, 303 (7th Cir. 1972), affg. [Dec. 30,349(M)], T.C. Memo. 1970-274. In carrying this burden, respondent may not rely on petitioner's failure to meet his burden of proving error in respondent's determinations as to the deficiencies. E.g., Petzoldt v. Commissioner [Dec. 45,566], 92 T.C. 661, 700 (1989); Habersham-Bey v. Commissioner [Dec. 38,826], 78 T.C. 304, 312 (1982), and cases cited therein.
Where fraud is determined for each of several years, respondent's burden applies separately for each of the years. Drieborg v. Commissioner [55-2 USTC ¶ 9632], 225 F.2d 216, 219-220 (6th Cir. 1955), affg. in part and revg. in part a Memorandum Opinion of this Court dated Feb. 24, 1954; Estate of Stein v. Commissioner [Dec. 21,553], 25 T.C. 940, 959-963 (1956), affd. sub nom. Levine v. Commissioner [58-1 USTC ¶ 9200], 250 F.2d 798 (2d Cir. 1958). A mere understatement of income does not...
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