Rugby Milling Co. v. Logosz

• Decision Date: 19 December 1977
• Docket Number: No. 9340,9340
• Citation: 261 N.W.2d 662
• Parties: RUGBY MILLING COMPANY, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Sam LOGOSZ, Defendant and Appellant. Civ.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

Page 662

261 N.W.2d 662

RUGBY MILLING COMPANY, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Sam LOGOSZ, Defendant and Appellant.

Civ. No. 9340.

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

Dec. 19, 1977.

Paul G. Kloster, of Mackoff, Kellogg, Kirby & Kloster, Dickinson, for plaintiff and appellee.

Dann E. Greenwood, of Greenwood, Greenwood & Greenwood, Dickinson, for defendant and appellant.

VOGEL, Justice.

This is an appeal from a summary judgment on a promissory note executed by the defendant Logosz, a farmer, in favor of Rugby Milling Company, owner and operator of a grain elevator.

We affirm.

Logosz asserts that the trial judge erred in granting Rugby Milling's motion for summary judgment, and particularly in ruling that Logosz failed to affirmatively plead failure of consideration and in ruling that a stipulation and judgment of dismissal of a prior action, with prejudice and on the merits, was res judicata as to the claim in the present action.

The dispute between the parties arose in 1974, after they had dealt with each other for several years. Early in 1974, Logosz went to the office of Rugby Milling for the purpose of selling stored wheat at the then market value of $5.56 per bushel. He was told that Rugby Milling had already sold the wheat at a lower price to pay a prior indebtedness. At a subsequent meeting in the office of Rugby Milling's attorney, at which the status of the account between Logosz and Rugby Milling was discussed, Logosz signed a promissory note to Rugby Milling in the amount of $6,657.79, due October 26, 1974. Logosz asserts that he signed the note intending to sue Rugby Milling later, and that he did not feel he was indebted to the amount of the note. Rugby Milling contends that the promissory note was a novation.

The first action was commenced on September 4, 1974, when Logosz filed a complaint alleging wrongful conversion of his stored grain by Rugby Milling. He asked $3,474.83 damages for conversion and additional damages for fraud, as well as punitive damages. Rugby Milling answered, alleging the novation.

On March 22, 1976, the attorneys for the parties signed a stipulation for dismissal of the complaint "with prejudice and upon the merits" and the stipulation was approved by the court and judgment was entered accordingly.

About three weeks later, the present action was commenced by complaint of Rugby Milling against Logosz to recover on the promissory note. Logosz answered admitting owing some money, but alleged that the amount of the complaint "is excessive and exaggerated and does not truly represent the indebtedness." He also claimed a setoff in the amount of $3,474.83, which, it will be noted, is the exact amount of the conversion claim in the former action which was dismissed with prejudice and on the merits. Rugby Milling moved for summary judgment based in part on Logosz's deposition admitting execution of the note, and Logosz filed a return to the motion and an affidavit. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Rugby Milling on two grounds: first, that the setoff claimed by Logosz was determined by the judgment in the prior litigation and was res judicata, and, second, that the execution of the note and the nonpayment of the note were admitted and that failure of consideration was not alleged as a defense. This appeal followed.

I. RES JUDICATA

Our most recent decision involving res judicata is Dolajak v. State Auto and Cas. Underwriters, 252 N.W.2d 180 (N.D.1977). We there held that a matter was res judicata if it was actually decided and determined in the prior action. We cited Knutson v. Ekren, 72 N.D. 118, 5 N.W.2d 74 (1942), in which we held that an issue necessarily involved in the determination of the prior action is res judicata as to a subsequent action. If an issue is necessarily involved in the adjudication, it is actually decided and determined.

No distinction is to be made between judgments entered after stipulation by the parties and judgments entered after trial, unless fraud is involved in the former.

In Rummel v. Rummel, 234 N.W.2d 848, 851 (N.D.1975), we quoted from Harchenko v. Harchenko, 77 N.D. 289, 43 N.W.2d 200 (1950), Syllabus P 1:

"A judgment, entered pursuant to the stipulation of the parties to an action, is as effective an adjudication of the issues in the case as one entered upon an actual trial of such issues."

The Minnesota Supreme Court has recently emphasized the same principle. In the case of Application of Schaefer, 287 Minn. 490, 178 N.W.2d 907, 909 (1970), the court held:

"An order dismissing an action with prejudice operates as an estoppel to litigate again the issue raised in that action."

The court there relied on its previous holding in Pangalos v. Halpern, 247 Minn. 80, 76 N.W.2d 702, 704 (1956), Syllabus P 5:

"In the absence of fraud, a valid judgment, decree, or as here an order which is the equivalent thereof, entered by agreement or consent, operates as res judicata to the same extent as if it had been rendered after contest and full hearing and is binding and conclusive upon the parties and those in privity with them."

We are satisfied that the issues raised by Logosz in his claim of setoff in the second action were actually decided and necessarily involved in the determination of the first action, commenced by Logosz. The first adjudication, by judgment entered upon the stipulation of the parties, which provided that the stipulation was with prejudice and upon the merits, ^* was therefore res judicata as to the issues raised by the claim of setoff in the second action.

The cases cited by Logosz are not in point or not persuasive. Robertson Lbr. Co. v. Progressive Contractors, Inc., 160 N.W.2d 61 (N.D.1968), involved a dismissal for failure to state a claim, not a decision on the merits. In Yoho-Venner Motor Co. v. Anderson Motor Co., 113 Neb. 514, 204 N.W. 54 (1925), the stipulated dismissal was "without prejudice." In Mongeon v. Burkebile, 79 N.D. 234, 55 N.W.2d 445 (1952), there was a question (not present in the case before us) of the authority of the attorney to act for the client in dismissing the case, and we recognized the general rules as to the effect of dismissal with prejudice and the res judicata effect of judgments entered upon stipulation. And in Knutson v. Ekren, supra, we found that the issues involved in the prior action were not determinative of those raised in the second action.

II. PLEADING AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE

As we interpret the stipulation quoted in the footnote, supra, and the judgment entered in accordance with it, it has been conclusively adjudicated that Rugby Milling did not convert the grain of Logosz. It is not disputed that Logosz signed a note promising to pay Rugby Milling the sum of $6,657.79, due October 26, 1974. When sued upon that note, Logosz answered alleging that the claim was exaggerated, excessive, and not truly representative of the indebtedness. The trial court held that this did not constitute an assertion of the defense of failure of consideration, which is an affirmative defense required by Rule 8(c), N.D.R.Civ.P., to be pleaded affirmatively, and by Rule 8(e), to be "simple, concise, and direct."

Rule 8(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., requires that "A party shall state in short and plain terms his defenses . . ." and Rule 8(f) requires courts to construe pleadings so as to do substantial justice.

The trial court had before it, when it made its ruling, affidavits and a deposition in which Logosz admitted that he signed the note in question voluntarily. He did not specifically deny signing the note in his pleadings, nor did he at any time deny that the note was supported by some consideration.

Under Section 41-03-37, N.D.C.C. (U.C.C. § 3-307),

"1. Unless specifically denied in the pleadings each signature on an instrument is admitted. . . .

"2. When signatures are admitted or established, production of the instrument entitles a holder to recover on it unless the defendant establishes a defense."

A prima facie case was therefore made out by Rugby Milling. See Loew v. Minasian, 361 Mass. 390, 280 N.E.2d 688 (1972); Center Bank v. Mid-Continent Meats, Inc., 194 Neb. 665, 234 N.W.2d 902 (1975).

We believe the trial court acted well within its range of discretion in holding that the affirmative defense of failure of consideration was not pleaded. Prestin v. Baumgartner, 47 Wis.2d 574, 177 N.W.2d 825 (1970); Center Bank v. Mid-Continent Meats, Inc., supra.

We also note in...