Ruiz v. Lockhart, 83-2319

• Citation: 806 F.2d 158
• Decision Date: 28 January 1987
• Docket Number: No. 83-2319,83-2319
• Parties: Paul RUIZ and Earl Van Denton, Appellants, v. A.L. LOCKHART, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction and Steve Clark, Attorney General of the State of Arkansas, Appellees.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (8th Circuit)

Page 158

806 F.2d 158

Paul RUIZ and Earl Van Denton, Appellants, v. A.L. LOCKHART, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction and Steve Clark, Attorney General of the State of Arkansas, Appellees.

No. 83-2319.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Sept. 8, 1986.

Decided Nov. 20, 1986.

Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied Jan. 28, 1987.

Ron Heller, Little Rock, Ark., for appellants.

Jack Gillean, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, Ark., for appellees.

Before McMILLIAN, ARNOLD, and JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judges.

ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.

These death-penalty cases are once again before us, on remand from the Supreme Court of the United States.

The appellants, Paul Ruiz and Earl Van Denton, were charged with capital felony murder, convicted, and sentenced to death by the jury. After exhausting their remedies in the State courts, they filed a petition for federal habeas corpus, which was dismissed by the District Court. When this case was last before us, we reversed, holding these convictions invalid under the rule of Grigsby v. Mabry, 758 F.2d 226 (8th Cir.1985) (en banc), in which this Court held that so-called "death-qualified juries," from which all persons who refused to consider the death penalty had been excluded, were not fairly representative of the community and were not impartial on the question of guilt or innocence. Since the jury that tried these cases was "death-qualified," we directed that the convictions be set aside and that appellants be freed unless the State chose, within a reasonable time, to try them again before a constitutionally selected jury. Ruiz v. Lockhart, 754 F.2d 254 (8th Cir.1985).

As we have noted in Woodard v. Sargent, 806 F.2d 153, a companion case in which our opinion is also being filed today, our holding in Grigsby has been reversed by the Supreme Court. Lockhart v. McCree, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 1758, 90 L.Ed.2d 137 (1986). Our judgment in the present cases has been vacated, and the cause remanded for reconsideration in light of Lockhart v. McCree. Lockhart v. Ruiz, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 1964, 90 L.Ed.2d 649 (1986).

It now becomes our duty, therefore, to examine the other arguments Ruiz and Van Denton make against their conviction and sentence, none of which we reached on the prior appeal. See Ruiz v. Lockhart, 754 F.2d at 256 n. 1. We now hold that all of the arguments urged as invalidating the convictions themselves are without merit. The convictions will stand. The sentences of death, however, will be set aside as constitutionally invalid, for reasons to be explained in this opinion.

I.

We first note briefly those arguments made by Ruiz and Van Denton that, if upheld, would have the effect of invalidating their convictions. They argue that three members of the venire should have been excluded under Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 88 S.Ct. 1770, 20 L.Ed.2d 776 (1968), and that they were improperly deprived of a second opportunity to voir dire the jury prior to the penalty phase of their trial. We have carefully considered these arguments and hold that they are without merit. We do not believe they are sufficiently substantial to deserve more extended discussion.

II.

Appellants also argue that their death penalty should be set aside under the rule of Collins v. Lockhart, 754 F.2d 258 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 546, 88 L.Ed.2d 475 (1985). One of the aggravating circumstances found by the jury in appellants' case was that the murders were committed for pecuniary gain. In addition, just as in Woodard's case, appellants were charged with that form of capital felony murder that comes into play when an unlawful killing is committed by a person engaged in the perpetration of robbery. Thus, just as in Woodard's and Collins's cases, one of the aggravating circumstances found by the jury here duplicates an element of the underlying capital crime. Collins so holds, and Collins is the law of this Circuit.

The State suggests that Collins should not be applied "retroactively." We decided Collins in 1985, and the trial involved in this appeal took place long before that. We must reject this argument for the same reason given in our opinion in Woodard's case. When Ruiz's and Van Denton's cases were first appealed to this Court from the District Court's denial of habeas corpus relief, the Collins argument was made. These cases were argued before us at the same session of Court, and before the same panel, before which Collins and Woodard were argued. Our opinion on the prior appeal in these cases did not reach the Collins point, but only because it was unnecessary to do so. These convictions had been set aside on the basis of the Grigsby argument, having to do with death-qualified juries. It was therefore not necessary, and would have been imprudent as a matter of opinion-writing, for us to go ahead and address other arguments made by Ruiz and Van Denton, especially other arguments, like this one, that went only to the validity of their sentences.

As in Woodard, we hold that Ruiz and Van Denton are entitled to the benefit of the ruling in Collins. We add that the State, while not conceding its legal position, appeared to agree at argument that it would be an extreme inequity to deny to Ruiz, Van Denton, and Woodard the benefit of the Collins rule.

Judge Arnold:

Well, suppose we agree. We say it doesn't apply because your trial took place before Collins was handed down. So as Ruiz, Van Denton, and Woodard are being taken out of Death Row to their death they go past...