Salvail v. Sharkey

• Citation: 271 A.2d 814,108 R.I. 63
• Decision Date: 30 December 1970
• Docket Number: No. 1035-M,1035-M
• Parties: Gerard Joseph SALVAIL v. John F. SHARKEY, Acting Warden. P.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Rhode Island

Page 814

271 A.2d 814

108 R.I. 63

Gerard Joseph SALVAIL v. John F. SHARKEY, Acting Warden.

No. 1035-M.P.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

Dec. 30, 1970.

Alfred Factor, Hayden C. Covington, Providence, for petitioner

Herbert F. DeSimone, Atty. Gen., Donald P. Ryan, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.

OPINION

KELLEHER, Justice.

On February 18, 1970, the Governor of the State of Florida issue his warrant alleging that 'Gerald Joseph Salvail' had been charged with the crime of breaking and entering an apartment dwelling in the City of Hialeah on August 9, 1969 and that he had fled Florida and taken refuge in Rhode Island. Accompanying the demand was a copy of a criminal information issued by the State's Attorney for the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida. The information described the accused as 'Gerard Joseph Salvail.' The warrant requested that the fugitive be apprehended and be delivered to a named deputy sheriff from the State of Florida. Thereafter, on March 9, 1970, the Governor of the State of Rhode Island, acting in pursuance to the requirements of the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act, issued his rendition warrant ordering Rhode Island authorities to arrest 'Gerald Joseph Salvail' and deliver him to the Florida sheriff.

The petitioner was apprehended on a fugitive from justice warrant and brought before a justice of the Sixth Division of the District Court. He was advised of his right to file a writ of habeas corpus whereby he could test the legality of his arrest and extradition to Florida. A haveas petition was filed in the Superior Court. In the Superior Court petitioner's challenge was limited to the sufficiency of the information and its accompanying affidavit. His petition was denied but he was afforded an opportunity to file a new petition in this court. This he did.

In this court petitioner not only renewed the argument made in the Superior Court but now he also contends that there is no proof that he is the person named in either the Florida requisition warrant or the Rhode Island rendition warrant. He points out that both warrants seek the apprehension in Rhode Island and the return to Florida of 'Gerald' Joseph Salvail while he is 'Gerard' Joseph Salvail.

The petitioner may be returned by Rhode Island to the Florida authorities only when it is shown that he is (1) the individual named in the extradition rendition; (2) charged with a crime in the demanding state and that he is (3) a fugitive, which is to say that he was in Florida when the alleged crime was committed. Hyatt v. People ex rel. Corkran, 188 U.S. 691, 23 S.Ct. 456, 47 L.Ed. 657; Woods v. Cronvich, 396 F.2d 142 (5th Cir. 1968); United States ex rel. Tucker v. Donovan, 321 F.2d 114 (2d Cir. 1963) cert. denied, sub nom. Tucker v. Kross, 375 U.S. 977, 84 S.Ct. 496, 11 L.Ed.2d 421; In re Dean, Del.Supr., 254 A.2d 242. The petitioner concedes that, as a general rule, when a governor of an asylum state issues a rendition warrant, regular on its face, it is prima facie evidence of every jurisdictional fact which the chief executive is obligated to determine before he issues his warrant. Brown v. Sharkey, R.I., 263 A.2d 104.

In most jurisdictions it is the rule that where there is an identity between the name of the accused and the person named in the extradition documents, a prima facie showing has been made that the accused is indeed the individual named in the extradition rendition and that unless overcome by the accused's evidence showing a lack of identity, this prima facie showing is sufficient to establish the identity of the accused. Hithe v. Nelson, Colo., 471 P.2d 596; Ex parte Freeman, 80 Ariz, 21, 291 P.2d 795; People ex rel. James v. Lynch, 16 Ill.2d 380, 158 N.E.2d 60; see also 93 A.L.R.2d § 11 at 930.

Here, there has been no showing that the accused's name is identical with that of the person named in the Florida or Rhode Island warrants. This being the case, we cannot indulge in the presumption that the Governor has complied with the necessary legal prerequisites before he issued his warrant. Poulin v. Bonenfant, Me., 251 A.2d 436. When there exists such a variance in names as appears in this proceeding, it then becomes respondent's burden to establish by credible evidence that petitioner, 'Gerard,' is the 'Gerald' being sought by the Florida authorities. People ex rel. Maypole v. Meyering, 358 Ill. 589, 193 N.E. 495; State ex rel. Myers, v. Allen, 83 Fla. 655, 92 So. 155; Ex parte Freeman, supra. See also Baker, Petitioner, 310 Mass. 724, 39 N.E.2d 762.

We shall return to the issue of petitioner's identity after we have considered his remaining contention.

He contends that the documents accompanying the Florida requisition warrant are defective because they fail to contain facts tending to show that he committed a crime in Florida. In taking this position, petitioner relies on the holding in Kirkland v. Preston, 128 U.S.App.D.C. 148, 385 F.2d 670 (1967), which states that an affidavit charging the accused with committing a crime in the demanding state must set forth facts which would justify a fourth amendment finding that there is probable cause for his arrest. The court in Kirkland faulted the conclusionary language contained in the affidavit. We think Kirkland can be differentiated from the case at bar.

In Kirkland the extradition was being effectuated under a federal statute, 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 3181-3195. Under that statute, the demanding state must furnish the asylum state with '* * * a copy of an indictment found or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State * * * charging the person demanded with having committed treason, felony, or other crime * * *.' 18 U.S.C.A. § 3182 at 127. Here, however, we are concerned with a rendition warrant issued pursuant to the provisions of the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act, G.L.1956 (1969 Reenactment) chap. 9 of title 12. Section 12-9-4 specifies that a demand for extradition may be accompanied by either a copy of an indictment, or an information supported by an affidavit made in the demanding state or an affidavit made before a judge in that state. It is readily apparent that, unlike the federal law, the Uniform Act recognizes the use of informations and affords an option not available under the federal law. Section 12-9-4 goes on to say that the indictment, information or affidavit must substantially charge the person with having committed a crime.

In Kirkland the court in scrutinizing the affidavit observed that an indictment embodies a grand jury's judgment that constitutional probable cause exists. We believe that a somewhat similar observation can be made about an information. While the criminal law procedures of this state do not provide for the use of an information, this is in and of itself no reason to downgrade their use by a sister state.

We can see little difference between an indictment and an information. An indictment is a sworn accusation of crime against one or more persons made by a group of people called a grand jury. An information is a written accusation made by a public prosecutor, without the intervention of a grand jury. 4 Wharton, Criminal Law & Procedure, § 1723. Both serve to inform the accused of the nature of the charge preferred against him so that he might prepare his defense. They also stand as a shield against the threat of double jeopardy once he has been acquitted or convicted on the charge specified therein. Schook v. United States, 337 F.2d 563 (8th Cir. 1964). The use of an information has been held to be a constitutionally permissible procedure by which a state...