Samaritan Health Services, Inc. v. Superior Court In and For Maricopa County

• Decision Date: 16 October 1984
• Docket Number: CA-CIV,No. 1,1
• Parties: SAMARITAN HEALTH SERVICES, INC., an Arizona corporation, dba Maryvale Samaritan Hospital; Maryvale Pediatric Clinic, an Arizona business entity, Petitioners, v. SUPERIOR COURT of Arizona, in and for the COUNTY OF MARICOPA, and the Honorable David L. Roberts, a judge thereof, Respondent Judge, Shereese JONES, a minor By and Through her next friend, Gwendolyn R. JONES; Gwendolyn R. Jones and Ronald Jones, wife and husband, individually, Real Parties in Interest. 7798-SA.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

Page 154

690 P.2d 154

142 Ariz. 435

SAMARITAN HEALTH SERVICES, INC., an Arizona corporation, dba Maryvale Samaritan Hospital; Maryvale Pediatric Clinic, an Arizona business entity, Petitioners, v. SUPERIOR COURT of Arizona, in and for the COUNTY OF MARICOPA, and the Honorable David L. Roberts, a judge thereof, Respondent Judge Shereese JONES, a minor By and Through her next friend, Gwendolyn R. JONES; Gwendolyn R. Jones and Ronald Jones, wife and husband, individually, Real Parties in Interest.

No. 1 CA-CIV 7798-SA.

Court of Appeals of Arizona Division 1, Department A.

Oct. 16, 1984.

Teilborg, Sanders, & Parks, P.C. by Frank A. Parks, Kathleen A. Neilson, Phoenix, for petitioners.

Leonard & Clancy, P.C. by James J. Leonard, Jr., Kenneth P. Clancy, Phoenix, for real parties in interest.

Snell & Wilmer by Robert H. Oberbillig, Phoenix, for Dr. McBride and Maryvale Clinic.

OPINION

KLEINSCHMIDT, Judge.

This special action arises from discovery proceedings in a medical malpractice action brought by plaintiffs Sheresse Jones and her parents against Samaritan Health Services, Inc. The trial court ruled that there had been a waiver of the attorney-client and work product privileges with respect to certain interview summaries which had been used by various Samaritan employees to refresh their recollections in preparation for deposition. In this special action, Samaritan argues that the summaries are privileged and that, even if the privilege was partially waived, it was an abuse of the trial court's discretion to compel the discovery of the summaries in their entirety, without examining them to determine whether the information in them could reasonably have influenced the lay witnesses.

Before the complaint in the underlying lawsuit was filed, a Samaritan employee told Samaritan's in-house counsel, Cathey Milam, that Samaritan might be sued as a result of events surrounding the birth of Shereese Jones at Maryvale Samaritan Hospital. Milam interviewed a number of hospital employees, and prepared written summaries of what they said. Although the summaries do not contain any verbatim quotations, they purportedly incorporate Milam's impressions and thought processes as well as factual matters.

Jones ultimately filed a medical malpractice complaint against Samaritan. As the case unfolded, Milam allowed four of the hospital's employees to review the summaries of their interviews in preparation for giving depositions. Jones served Milam with a subpoena duces tecum requiring her to produce, among other things, the interview summaries which the witnesses had used to refresh their recollections. Samaritan objected to producing the summaries and the trial court subsequently granted Jones' motion to compel on the grounds that the attorney-client and work product privileges were waived when Milam made the summaries available to the witnesses for review. The question is appropriate for a special action proceeding. See City of Phoenix v. Peterson, 11 Ariz.App. 136, 462 P.2d 829 (1969).

More specifically, Samaritan contends that Rule 26(b)(3), Arizona Rules of Civil Procedure, protects against the discovery of privileged work product and that the attorney-client privilege likewise bars discovery. Samaritan further contends that Rule 612, Arizona Rules of Evidence, which permits an adverse party to inspect and cross-examine a witness on any statement from which the witness has refreshed his recollection, does not work a waiver of both the work product and the attorney-client privileges. Even if the materials are not absolutely protected, according to Samaritan, the trial court abused its discretion by failing to require an in camera inspection of the documents for the purpose of excising those privileged portions which could not have affected the testimony of the witnesses.

Jones argues that Rule 612 does not exempt from production those documents which are claimed to be privileged. Jones also contends the in camera inspection of Rule 612 is discretionary, and the court had no obligation to utilize that procedure.

The initial question is whether, by allowing four of the employee-witnesses to review the summaries of their interviews, Samaritan forfeited the privileges.

Rule 612, Arizona Rules of Evidence, provides:

If a witness uses a writing to refresh his memory for the purpose of testifying, either--

(1) before testifying, if the court in its discretion determines it is necessary in the interests of justice, or

(2) while testifying,

an adverse party is entitled to have the writing produced at the hearing, to inspect it, to cross-examine the witness thereon, and to introduce in evidence those portions which relate to the testimony of the witness. If it is claimed that the writing contains matters not related to the subject matter of the action, the court shall examine the writing in camera, excise any portions not so related, and order delivery of the remainder to the party entitled thereto.

Rule 30(c), Arizona Rules of Civil Procedure, makes Rule 612 applicable to depositions.

Since Rule 612 does not mention the effect of the privileges on the operation of the rule, there remains a polarized tension between the rule and the protection provided by the respective privileges. Because our Rule 612 is virtually identical to the federal rule and because there is a lack of Arizona case law on the subject, we look to federal precedent for guidance.

The legislative history of Rule 612, Federal Rules of Evidence, is ambiguous in regard to whether privileged instruments should be made available to the opponent when used for purposes of refreshing recollection. James Julian, Inc. v. Raytheon Co., 93 F.R.D. 138, 145 (D.Dela.1982); Barrer v. Women's National Bank, 96 F.R.D. 202, 204 (D.D.C.1982). While Rule 612 does not explicitly refer to privileged matters, Congress could have employed language comparable to 26(b)(1), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which restricted discovery to "any matter, not privileged." Congress, however, did not explicitly circumscribe the exercise of discretion by courts when ordering the...