Samuels v. Mockry
| Citation | 77 F.3d 34 |
| Decision Date | 20 February 1996 |
| Docket Number | No. 534,D,534 |
| Parties | Alphonso SAMUELS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. J. MOCKRY, G. Hewston, W. Higgins and J. Dowdle, Defendants-Appellees. ocket 94-2696. |
| Court | United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit) |
Mark E. Greenfield, New York City (Arthur S. Linker and David A. Cohen, Rosenman & Colin, New York City, on the brief), for Plaintiff-Appellant Alphonso Samuels.
Denise A. Hartman, Assistant Attorney General of the State of New York, Albany, New York (Peter H. Schiff, Deputy Solicitor General, and Nancy A. Spiegel, Assistant Attorney General, on the brief), for Defendants-Appellants J. Mockry, G. Hewston, W. Higgins and J. Dowdle.
Before: LUMBARD, ALTIMARI and JACOBS, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff-appellant Alphonso Samuels, an inmate in the custody of the New York Department of Correctional Services, appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York (McCurn, J.), entered November 22, 1994, denying his motion for summary judgment and granting the defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing Samuels's pro se complaint. Samuels's complaint alleged that the defendants placed him in a "limited privileges" prison program without affording him a hearing or giving him a statement of reasons for their action, in violation of his right to procedural due process. The district court adopted the magistrate judge's report and recommendation, which (i) found that Samuels had refused a work assignment that the prison officials had offered him and (ii) concluded that, under New York law and prison regulations, Samuels could therefore be placed in a limited privileges program without a hearing. On appeal, Samuels contends that entry of summary judgment was inappropriate because a genuine issue of material fact remains as to whether or not he refused a work assignment.
We vacate the order granting summary judgment for defendants and remand this case to the district court for further proceedings.
According to the regulations in force at Clinton Correctional Facility ("Clinton"), "all able-bodied inmates are expected to participate in work assignments ... when they are offered" and those who refuse work assignments are placed in the limited privileges program. Inmates in the limited privileges program are confined to their cells for 23 hours per day (with one hour for exercise), and have restricted access to, among other things, showers and the prison library. On or about April 21, 1989, inmate Alphonso Samuels was placed in the limited privileges program at Clinton, supposedly for having refused a work assignment, and stayed there until his transfer to Attica Correctional Facility seven months later.
On March 20, 1991, Samuels brought a pro se action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against defendants John Mockry, the Clinton education counselor; Geoffrey Hewston, a Clinton correctional officer; William Higgins, the Clinton industrial training supervisor; and James Dowdle, an instructor at Clinton. All defendants were members of the Clinton Program Committee, the body charged with assigning work to prison inmates and with placing inmates that refuse work assignments in the limited privileges program. Samuels's complaint alleged that he never refused a work assignment and was not afforded a hearing prior to being placed in the limited privileges program, and claimed that his placement therefore violated his right to procedural due process. The complaint also alleged that he was placed in the limited privileges program for "retaliatory" reasons.
Samuels's case was referred to Magistrate Judge Ralph W. Smith, Jr., who recommended on August 15, 1994 that the district court deny Samuels's motion for summary judgment and grant the defendants' cross-motion for summary judgment. In an order entered November 22, 1994, the district court approved and adopted the magistrate judge's report and recommendations, denied Samuels's motion for summary judgment and granted the defendants' cross-motion for summary judgment. Samuels appeals that decision.
This Court reviews a district court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Giano v. Senkowski, 54 F.3d 1050, 1052 (2d Cir.1995). Summary judgment is proper if, viewing all facts of record in a light most favorable to the non-moving party, no genuine issue of material fact remains for adjudication. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-50, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2509-11, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). On appeal "the mere existence of some alleged factual dispute between the parties will not defeat an otherwise properly supported motion for summary judgment; the requirement is that there be no genuine issue of material fact." Id. at In one respect, we conclude that a material issue of fact was resolved erroneously in favor of the defendants rather than Samuels. The magistrate judge's Recommendation and Report states:
247-48, 106 S.Ct. at 2510 (emphasis in original). The non-movant may defeat summary judgment only by producing specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Furthermore, the non-movant " 'will have his allegations taken as true, and will receive the benefit of the doubt when his assertions conflict with those of the movant.' " Piesco v. City of New York, 933 F.2d 1149, 1154 (2d Cir.) (quoting 10 Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2716 (1983)), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 921, 112 S.Ct. 331, 116 L.Ed.2d 272 (1991)
In their cross-motion, defendants have demonstrated that, during the time period at issue in this action, plaintiff had been placed in a so-called "limited privileges program" at Clinton based upon his refusal to accept a program assignment within the prison. It is well settled in this district that such confinement is administrative rather than disciplinary in nature, and that inmates who refuse to accept a program assignment can be placed in limited privileges status without being issued a misbehavior report and without a hearing.
(Citations omitted and emphasis added). However, Samuels's Rule 10(j) statement, to which he swore, states that he "never refused to accept an assignment considered appropriate by the Program Committee." 1 In deciding whether "a reasonable jury could return a verdict" for Samuels, the magistrate judge should have accepted this sworn allegation as true. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. at 2510; see also Piesco, 933 F.2d at 1154 ().
Although Samuels should have prevailed on this issue of fact even if it was contested, we note that the defendants offered no competent evidence to refute Samuels's contention. In support of their cross-motion for summary judgment, the defendants relied on: (a) a Rule 10(j) statement by an assistant attorney general averring that Samuels was assigned to the limited privileges program "due to his refusal to accept an assignment considered appropriate by the program committee"; (b) an affirmation by the same assistant attorney general averring that "[t]here is no dispute" that Samuels was placed in the limited privileges program "for his refusal to accept a program"; and (c) a document addressed to Samuels signed by defendant Mockry, the chairman of the Program Committee, informing him that he was being assigned to the limited privileges program for his refusal to accept a work assignment. Neither the Rule 10(j) statement nor the affirmation is direct evidence refuting Samuels's allegations, since the statements they contain are merely conclusory allegations made by a person who lacks personal knowledge of what transpired at the Program Committee meeting on April 21, 1989. The document, if delivered to Samuels, would have informed him of the reason for his placement in the limited privileges program, but no proof was offered that the document was delivered to him.
"[A]t the summary judgment stage the judge's function is not himself to weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial." Ander...
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