San Francisco-Oakland Newspaper Guild v. Kennedy

• Decision Date: 04 June 1969
• Docket Number: No. 22767-22769.,22767-22769.
• Citation: 412 F.2d 541
• Parties: SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND NEWSPAPER GUILD, Los Angeles Newspaper Guild, Local 69, Los Angeles Newspaper Web Pressmen's Union No. 18, Los Angeles Stereo-Typers' Union No. 58, Los Angeles Typographical Union No. 174, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge No. 94, General Warehousemen's Union Local 598, Building Service and Maintenance Employees Union No. 399, Los Angeles Mailers' Union No. 9, and Los Angeles Paper Handlers Union No. 3, Appellants, v. Ralph E. KENNEDY, Regional Director of Region 21 of the National Labor Relations Board, for and on Behalf of the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

412 F.2d 541 (1969)

SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND NEWSPAPER GUILD, Los Angeles Newspaper Guild, Local 69, Los Angeles Newspaper Web Pressmen's Union No. 18, Los Angeles Stereo-Typers' Union No. 58, Los Angeles Typographical Union No. 174, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge No. 94, General Warehousemen's Union Local 598, Building Service and Maintenance Employees Union No. 399, Los Angeles Mailers' Union No. 9, and Los Angeles Paper Handlers Union No. 3, Appellants, v. Ralph E. KENNEDY, Regional Director of Region 21 of the National Labor Relations Board, for and on Behalf of the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Appellee.

Nos. 22767-22769.

United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.

June 4, 1969.

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Stephan Reinhardt (argued), of Bodle, Fogel, Julber & Reinhardt, Levy, DeRoy, Geffner, Koszdin & Glow, Brundage & Hackler, Richman, Garrett & Ansell, O'Melveny & Myers, Los Angeles, Cal., Darwin, Rosenthal & Leff, San Francisco, Cal., for appellants.

Milo V. Price, (argued), N.L.R.B., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.

Before BARNES, BROWNING and CARTER, Circuit Judges.

JAMES M. CARTER, Circuit Judge:

This is an appeal from an order and supplemental order of the district court which were entered in proceedings instituted on behalf of the National Labor Relations Board against appellant labor organizations under Sec. 10(l) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended (hereafter the Act), 29 U.S.C. § 160(l). Appellee Ralph E. Kennedy, Regional Director of Region 21 of the Board, petitioned the district court seeking a preliminary injunction interlocutory to the final disposition of charges filed with the Board by the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner (hereafter the Herald-Examiner) and the San Francisco Examiner (hereafter the Examiner), alleging that appellants had engaged in, and were engaging in, unfair labor practices within the meaning of Sec. 8(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B) of the Act (29 U. S.C. § 158(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B)), such practices constituting a secondary boycott against the Examiner, the Chronicle Publishing Company (hereafter the Chronicle, and the San Francisco Newspaper Printing Company (hereafter the Printing Company). The orders by the court below, granting the preliminary injunction, were entered on February 7 and 8, 1968, pursuant to findings of fact and conclusions of law that appellee had reasonable cause to believe appellants had engaged in unfair labor practices.

This appeal presents the following questions:

1) Was the district court clearly erroneous in finding that there was reasonable cause for appellee to believe that the Herald-Examiner was operated independently from the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company, so that appellants' conduct was a secondary boycott in violation of 8(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B) of the Act?

2) Was it an abuse of discretion for the district court to deny appellants' request for discovery and the attendance of witnesses?

3) Was it an abuse of discretion for the district court to refuse to permit oral testimony on allegedly disputed facts?

The present proceeding grew out of a labor dispute originally existing between the Herald-Examiner and the appellant labor organizations (except the San Francisco-Oakland Newspaper Guild); on December 15, 1967, the labor organizations began picketing the plant and premises of the Herald-Examiner in Los Angeles in connection with that dispute. Subsequently, on January 5, 1968, appellants (including the San Francisco-Oakland Newspaper Guild) began picketing the plant and premises of the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company, in San Francisco for the purpose of supporting the dispute with the Herald-Examiner. As a result of this activity, the regular newspaper publication and printing facilities of the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company were shut down. The charges of unfair labor practices against appellants were thereafter filed by the Herald-Examiner and the Examiner. After investigation, appellee Kennedy concluded that there was reasonable cause to believe appellants had engaged in unfair labor practices under Sec. 8(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B) of the Act and that a complaint by the General Counsel of the Board should issue.¹ Accordingly, appellee filed the petition for injunction, accompanied by affidavits and exhibits, in the court below on behalf of the Board pursuant to Sec. 10(l) of the Act, seeking injunctive relief pending final disposition of the proceedings before the Board.

The district court then issued an order requiring appellants to show cause why an injunction against them should not issue. That order provided that all evidence was to be presented by affidavits and that no oral testimony would be heard unless otherwise ordered by the court. Thereafter certain of the appellants filed with the court a request for an order permitting depositions and/or interrogatories and/or compelling the attendance of eight named witnesses. After hearing arguments, the court denied this request.

On February 7, 1968, the district court conducted a hearing on the petition. After oral argument and consideration of the evidence, including affidavits and exhibits submitted by both sides, the court concluded that an injunction should issue. The court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law that appellee had reasonable cause to believe that the Herald-Examiner was operated independently from the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company, with separate, independent labor relations policies and practices, and that these labor relations policies were not controlled by The Hearst Corporation. The court therefore concluded there was reasonable cause for appellee to believe that appellants were engaged in unfair labor practices in violation of Sec. 8(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B) of the Act.

I.

Section 10(l) of the Act (29 U.S.C. § 160(l)) establishes a procedure by which a district court, upon application by the Board, may grant a preliminary injunction against an alleged unfair labor practice pending final adjudication of the controversy by the Board. All that is required under Sec. 10(l) for a regional director to petition for such an injunction is reasonable cause to believe an unfair labor practice is being committed. The preliminary injunction should be granted by the court if the court finds that the factual allegations and the propositions of law underlying the regional director's petition are not insubstantial and frivolous so that he has reasonable cause for believing the Act has been violated, and if the court finds that injunctive relief is appropriate. On appeal, review is limited to a determination of whether the district court's findings are clearly erroneous.² Retail Clerks Union, etc. v. Food Employers Council, Inc., 351 F.2d 525 (9 Cir.1965); Local No. 83, Construction, Building Materials and Miscellaneous Drivers Union, etc. v. Jenkins, 308 F.2d 516 (9 Cir.1962); Warehousemen's Union Local 6, etc. v. Hoffman, 302 F.2d 352 (9 Cir.1962).

Section 8(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B) of the Act (29 U.S.C. § 158(b) (4) (i) and (ii) (B)) protects neutral employers from unions engaging in secondary boycotts against them. Appellants admit engaging in the picketing and other conduct which resulted in shutting down the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company. Thus, if there was reasonable cause for appellee to believe that the Examiner, the Chronicle, and the Printing Company were neutral employers (independent of the Herald-Examiner) within the meaning of the Act, then appellants were engaging in unfair labor practices which could be enjoined under Sec. 10(l) of the Act.³

The Herald-Examiner, an independent Division of The Hearst Corporation, publishes a daily and Sunday newspaper in Los Angeles, California. The Examiner, also an independent Division of The Hearst Corporation, publishes a daily newspaper in San Francisco, California, and also publishes a Sunday newspaper jointly with the Chronicle. The Chronicle, a Nevada corporation, publishes a daily newspaper in San Francisco. The Printing Company, a Nevada corporation, is located in San Francisco and performs newspaper printing and other services for the Examiner and Chronicle.

The evidence presented to the district court was in conflict on the degree of control exercised by The Hearst Corporation over its various Divisions. However, we believe there was sufficient evidence for the court to conclude, as it did, that there was reasonable cause for appellee to believe that the Herald-Examiner was operated as a separate autonomous enterprise, with independent labor relations policies and practices which were not controlled by The Hearst Corporation, so...