Santisteven v. Dow Chemical Company

• Decision Date: 07 June 1973
• Docket Number: Civ. No. R-2618.
• Citation: Santisteven v. Dow Chemical Company, 362 F.Supp. 646 (D. Nev. 1973)
• Parties: Raymond SANTISTEVEN et al., Plaintiffs, v. DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, a corporation, et al., Defendants. DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, a corporation, Third Party Plaintiff, v. KENNECOTT COPPER CORPORATION, a New York corporation, and the Nevada Industrial Commission, Third Party Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Nevada

362 F. Supp. 646

Raymond SANTISTEVEN et al., Plaintiffs, v. DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, a corporation, et al., Defendants.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, a corporation, Third Party Plaintiff, v. KENNECOTT COPPER CORPORATION, a New York corporation, and the Nevada Industrial Commission, Third Party Defendants.

Civ. No. R-2618.

United States District Court, D. Nevada.

June 7, 1973.

Echeverria & Osborne, Reno, Nev., for plaintiffs.

Wait, Shamberger & Georgeson, Reno, Nev., for defendants.

Wm. J. Crowell, Carson City, Nev., for third party defendant Nevada Industrial Comm.

Gray, Horton & Hill, Erickson & Thorpe, Reno, Nev., for third party defendant Kennecott Copper Corp.

ORDER GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT

BRUCE R. THOMPSON, District Judge.

Santisteven (plaintiff), an employee of Kennecott Copper Corporation (Kennecott), brought this action against Dow Chemical Company (Dow), alleging that serious injuries which he sustained, arising out of and in the course of his employment, were proximately caused by Dow's negligence and improper labeling of a dangerous product, flake caustic soda, which it had manufactured and sold to Kennecott. Dow, in turn, filed a third party complaint against Kennecott, alleging that the latter's negligence in failing properly to instruct and warn the employee and in failing to provide a safe place to work was a proximate cause of the injury (perhaps the sole proximate cause), and that in any event, Dow's negligence, if any, was passive, while Kennecott's was the active contributing cause and that, if found liable to plaintiff, Dow is entitled to indemnity. The Nevada Industrial Commission was joined as a third-party defendant to wipe out any subrogation claim it might have (N.R.S. § 616.560) if plaintiff should be successful against Dow. Plaintiff had been compensated under the provisions of the Nevada Industrial Insurance Act, Kennecott being a covered employer. The action was removed to this Court because of diversity of citizenship (28 U.S.C. § 1332) and the substantive rights and remedies of the parties are controlled by state law.

Kennecott and the Nevada Industrial Commission have moved for summary judgment upon the grounds that the Nevada Industrial Insurance Act precludes liability of a covered employer for indemnity to a third party found liable to the employee for the injuries suffered. Counsel, in thoroughly prepared and researched briefs, have found no Nevada authority on this precise question, nor have we.

It, nevertheless, seems obvious from many Nevada workmen's compensation decisions, as well as from the terms of the Nevada Industrial Insurance Act itself, that it is the established policy in Nevada that when an employer accepts the Act and an employee receives compensation thereunder, the employer is fully and completely insulated from other liability on account of the industrial accident.

This is the result reached under the Virginia law in reliance on Va.Code § 65.1-40, which is substantially the same as N.R.S. § 616.370.¹ Jennings v. Franz Torwegge Machine Works, 347 F.Supp. 1288 (W.D.Va.1972). The Jennings case cites the applicable precedents. It should be observed, however, that the Nevada Legislature has made an even more explicit declaration of this policy:

"616.265 Devices waiving liability void.

"1. No contract of employment, insurance, relief benefit, indemnity, or any other device, shall modify, change or waive any liability created by this chapter.

"2. A contract of employment, insurance, relief benefit, indemnity, or any other device, having for its purpose the waiver or modification of the terms or liability created by this chapter shall be void."

"616.270 Employers to provide compensation; relief from liability.

"1. Every employer within the provisions of this chapter, and those employers who shall accept the terms of this chapter and be governed by its provisions, as in this chapter provided, shall provide and secure compensation according to the terms, conditions and provisions of this chapter for any and all personal injuries by accident sustained by an employee arising out of and in the course of the employment.

"2. Travel for which an employee receives wages shall, for the purposes of this chapter, be deemed in the course of employment.

"3. In such cases the employer shall be relieved from other liability for recovery of damages or other compensation for such personal injury, unless by the terms of this chapter otherwise provided."

While the counterpart of N.R.S. § 616.370 relied upon by the Virginia court limits the rights of the employee and his representatives to a claim against the insurance fund, we think that the language of N.R.S. § 616.270(3) can be construed only as an express immunization of the employer from all other liability for the employee's injuries. Bertone v. Turco Products, 252 F.2d 726 (3rd Cir. 1958).

The strong policy of Nevada limiting the employer's liability as well as the employee's remedy to compensation under the Industrial Insurance Act has been declared and applied in other types of cases. Aragonez v. Taylor Steel Co., 85 Nev. 718, 462 P.2d 754 (1969); Jackson v. Southern Pacific Company, 285 F.Supp. 388 (D.C.Nev.1968); Kennecott Copper Corp. v. Reyes, 75 Nev. 212, 337 P.2d 624 (1959); Simon Service, Inc. v. Mitchell, 73 Nev. 9, 17, 307 P.2d 110 (1967); LTR Stage Line v. Nev. Ind. Comm'n, 81 Nev. 626, 408 P.2d 241 (1965). The Supreme Court of Colorado, under statutory provisions quite similar to the Nevada Act, has denied recognition to a third party complaint for indemnity, although the employer was partially at fault. Hilzer v. MacDonald, 169 Colo. 230, 454 P.3d 928 (1969). Accordingly, we hold that the third party complaint against Kennecott must be dismissed.

This does not, however, dispose of the situation with respect to the Nevada Industrial Commission. The Industrial Insurance Act grants the Commission certain rights of subrogation:

"616.560 Liability of third parties for damages; reduction of compensation; subrogation of commission to employee's rights; lien of commission on proceeds of recovery.

"1. When an employee coming under the provisions of this chapter receives an injury for which compensation is payable under this chapter and which injury was caused under circumstances creating a legal liability in some person, other than the employer or a person in the same employ, to pay damages in respect thereof:

"(a) The injured employee, or in case of death, his dependents, may take proceedings against that person to recover damages, but the amount of the compensation to which the injured employee or his dependents are entitled under this chapter shall be reduced by the amount of the damages recovered.

"(b) If the injured employee, or in case of death, his dependents, in such case receive compensation under this chapter, the commission, by whom the compensation was paid, shall have a right of action against the person so liable to pay damages as aforesaid, and shall be subrogated to the rights of the injured employee or of his dependents to recover therefor; provided:

"(1) That in any action or proceedings taken by the commission under this section evidence of the amount of compensation, accident benefits and other expenditures which the commission has paid or become obligated to pay by reason of the injury or death of the employee shall be admissible; and

"(2) That if in such action or proceedings the commission shall recover more than the amounts it has paid or become obligated to pay as compensation, it shall pay the excess to the injured employee or his dependents.

"(c) The injured employee, or in case of death, his dependents, shall first notify the commission in writing of any action or proceedings, pursuant to this section, to be taken by the employee or his dependents.

"2. In any case where the commission shall be subrogated to the rights of the injured employee or of his dependents as provided in subsection 1, the commission shall have a lien upon the proceeds of any recovery from some person other than the employer, whether the proceeds of such recovery are by way of judgment, settlement or otherwise."

The thrust of Dow's third party complaint against the Commission is that if Dow should be found liable to plaintiff because of disseminating a dangerous chemical without proper warnings, Dow...