Sato v. Schossberger, 18416
| Decision Date | 17 May 1990 |
| Docket Number | No. 18416,18416 |
| Citation | 792 P.2d 336,117 Idaho 771 |
| Parties | Clifford SATO and Bettie Sato, husband and wife, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Peter S. SCHOSSBERGER, Defendant-Respondent, and St. Anthony Community Hospital, Defendant. |
| Court | Idaho Supreme Court |
Petersen, Moss, Olsen, Meacham & Carr, Idaho Falls, for plaintiffs-appellants. William C. Carr argued.
Merrill & Merrill, Pocatello, for defendant-respondent. Wesley F. Merrill argued.
This is a medical malpractice case that was dismissed for lack of prosecution under I.R.C.P. 40(c). We affirm the dismissal, except as to the claim that the doctor did not properly and fully advise the patient of the risks she was facing in the surgery. We hold that it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to dismiss this claim.
In July 1978 Bettie Sato (the patient) consulted Dr. Peter Schossberger (the doctor) about pain she was experiencing. In September 1978 the doctor performed surgery to sever nerves in the patient's back to relieve the pain. Later, the patient alleged that the operation was not only unsuccessful in relieving her pain, but also that it caused new permanent physical impairments.
The patient and her husband filed a lawsuit against the doctor in July 1981. The complaint alleged that the doctor was negligent in diagnosing the cause of the patient's pain, in performing the surgery and in properly and fully advising the patient of the risks she was facing in the surgery.
The trial court notified the patient in July 1982 and in October 1985 that no action had been taken on her case against the doctor for one year or more and that the case would be dismissed, if no affirmative action had been taken by a stated date. On each of these occasions the patient took action that forestalled the dismissal. On December 3, 1987, the trial court notified the patient that no action had been taken on her case against the doctor for six months and that if no affirmative action had been taken by December 22, 1987, the case would be dismissed under I.R.C.P. 40(c).
On December 18, 1987, the attorney for the patient wrote to the trial court enclosing a request for trial setting that he said had been filed with the clerk of the court. The letter stated that the attorney had also filed interrogatories addressed to the doctor. The letter concluded:
Hopefully this will constitute sufficient affirmative action to preclude dismissal. If such is not the case and you require something more than this, please let me know so that I may take that action so as to prevent dismissal.
I apologize for the delay in pursuing this matter. There have been several reasons for the delay, all of which I could present by affidavit if such is necessary.
The request for trial setting and the interrogatories were filed by the clerk of the court on December 21, 1987. In the request for trial setting the patient's attorney stated: "All discovery has not yet been completed by the parties, but counsel for plaintiffs anticipates that all discovery can be completed within the next ninety days."
On December 22, 1987, the trial court issued an order setting a pre-trial conference for February 22, 1988. The order directed the parties to be prepared at the pre-trial conference to discuss all items enumerated in I.R.C.P. 16 and to have a list of all witnesses to be called and copies of all exhibits to be offered at trial and to be prepared to discuss specific trial dates.
On January 7, 1988, the doctor's attorney submitted a response to request for trial setting. This response accepted some of the information supplied in the request for trial setting. In addition it listed the trial dates not available to the doctor's attorney. The response also stated that the patient had not made answers to the doctor's interrogatories served in November 1985, despite several oral requests, and that the doctor could not proceed with discovery until the disclosure of experts, lay witnesses, and claims had been made in the answers to the interrogatories. The response stated that discovery could be completed within approximately four months after the patient answered the interrogatories.
On January 12, 1988, the doctor's attorney submitted a motion to compel the patient to answer the doctor's interrogatories and a motion for a protective order allowing the doctor thirty days within which to answer the patient's interrogatories. The motion for protective order stated that the reason for the requested delay in answering the patient's interrogatories was that the doctor must first receive the patient's answers to his interrogatories before he could prepare his answers.
On February 8, 1988, the trial court heard arguments on the doctor's motions to compel answers and for a protective order. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court granted the motion for protective order and ordered that the patient would be given until February 22, 1988, to submit answers to the doctor's interrogatories. The order stated that if the answers were not submitted by that date the trial court would entertain and grant a motion to dismiss. The order concluded by stating that if the answers were submitted on or before February 22, the pre-trial conference scheduled for that date would be continued to give the doctor's attorney an opportunity to deal with the answers. On February 19, 1988, the patient submitted answers to the doctor's interrogatories. On February 22, 1988, the doctor moved to dismiss the complaint for failure of the patient to fully answer or respond to the interrogatories. The motion stated that it was based on the files and records in the case, on I.R.C.P. 37(a) and (b), and on the trial court's order of February 8, 1988. The motion alleged that the answers were incomplete, evasive, and failed to provide answers, especially as to the names of the expert witnesses. Two days later the doctor supplemented the motion to dismiss by adding that the action be dismissed pursuant to I.R.C.P. 40(c).
On February 29, 1988, the trial court heard arguments on the doctor's motion to dismiss. At the conclusion of the hearing the trial court stated:
[T]his case was filed in 1981 and is seven years old come July of this year and I think that alone, given the history of the case and my most recent order, and the answers to the interrogatories, which I do believe are inadequate, requires that this case be dismissed for lack of prosecution. Now, although that may give you an issue to go appeal on, I do believe that as a practical matter, you are not required to have an expert witness and you may dispute that but I do believe that under the circumstances of this particular case and its entire history that there has been a lack of diligent prosecution in this case and must be dismissed at this time. (Emphasis added.)
The trial court directed the doctor's attorney to prepare a formal order of dismissal for the court's signature. On March 3, 1988, the trial court signed the order of dismissal prepared by the doctor's attorney. The order recited the history of the case and stated that the patient's answers to interrogatories were inadequate and not in compliance with I.R.C.P. 37(a). The order concluded: "Based on the above record, and upon the failure of the plaintiff to comply with the minute entry and order of February 8, 1988, and upon the clear showing of lack of prosecution, the case was ordered dismissed."
On March 15, 1988, the patient submitted a motion for reconsideration of the dismissal, supported by an affidavit of the patient's attorney. In this affidavit the patient's attorney stated that at the hearing on February 29, 1988, the patient's attorney had told the trial court that:
1. the patient had been unable to make arrangements for an expert witness to testify on her behalf because of her inability to raise the necessary funds;
2. the patient was prepared to go to trial without the use of an expert witness, basing her case solely on the testimony of the doctor and the other two doctors who had been involved with him in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient, together with cross-examination of these witnesses from recognized medical treatises;
3. the main basis of the patient's case would be her claim that the doctor failed adequately to inform her of the risks attendant to the surgery;
4. the doctor's deposition testimony as to the nerves that he cut and didn't cut, and the areas innervated by those nerves, together with the patient's testimony of the consequences of her surgery, would create a prima facie case on the issue of whether or not the doctor cut nerves other than those that the doctor intended to cut.
The doctor's attorney submitted an affidavit in opposition to the motion for reconsideration stating that on several occasions the attorneys for the patient had said they could not answer the doctor's interrogatories because the plaintiff did not as yet have an expert witness.
A hearing on the motion for reconsideration was held on April 5, 1988. In denying the motion for reconsideration the trial court stated:
First of all, I do acknowledge that the sanction of dismissal is very hard but the sanction in this case from my perspective as the Court, when viewed in the context of the history of this case, not merely because the interrogatories were not answered, in my opinion, adequately, it must be done in the context of this case--the fact that this case was filed ... a little more than halfway through [my predecessor's] last term in office; and I'm well into my second term. And during that entire time period, the case's movement, as is reflected in the record, has been more from the Court sending out notices of possible dismissal, three of them. And that appears to be when activity would take place. ... I think it's in that context that the entire case must be viewed and the entire history of the length of time and the way the case has been...
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