Saveski v. Tiseo Architects, Inc.

• Decision Date: 24 June 2004
• Docket Number: Docket No. 242610.
• Citation: 682 N.W.2d 542,261 Mich. App. 553
• Parties: Slavko SAVESKI and Lence Saveski, Plaintiffs/Counter-Defendants/Appellees, v. TISEO ARCHITECTS, INC., d/b/a Tiseo Builders, Inc., Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff/Appellant, and Benedetto Tiseo, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

682 N.W.2d 542

261 Mich. App. 553

Slavko SAVESKI and Lence Saveski, Plaintiffs/Counter-Defendants/Appellees, v. TISEO ARCHITECTS, INC., d/b/a Tiseo Builders, Inc., Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff/Appellant, and Benedetto Tiseo, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 242610.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted April 6, 2004, at Lansing.

Decided April 13, 2004, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication June 24, 2004.

Lawrence J. Stockler & Associates, P.C. (by Lawrence J. Stockler), Southfield, for the plaintiffs.

Thomas M. Keranen & Associates, P.C. (by Frederick F. Butters and Gary D. Quesada), Bloomfield Hills, for the defendants.

Before: O'CONNELL, P.J., and JANSEN and MURRAY, JJ.

O'CONNELL, P.J.

Defendants Tiseo Builders, Inc., and Benedetto Tiseo appeal by leave granted from an order denying their motion to confirm an arbitration award. The same order denied plaintiffs' motion to set aside the arbitration award. Instead, it ordered the case to be remanded to the arbitrator for findings of fact and conclusions of law, especially concerning the status given to plaintiff Slavko Saveski. We reverse and remand. Defendants argue that the trial court erred by failing to confirm the arbitration award. We agree. Generally, issues regarding an order to enforce, vacate, or modify an arbitration award are reviewed de novo. Tokar v. Albery, 258 Mich.App. 350, 352, 671 N.W.2d 139 (2003). According to MCR 3.602(J)(1), a reviewing court should vacate an arbitration award if it finds the following:

(a) the award was procured by corruption, fraud, or other undue means;

(b) there was evident partiality by an arbitrator appointed as a neutral, corruption of an arbitrator, or misconduct prejudicing a party's rights;

(c) the arbitrator exceeded his or her powers; or

(d) the arbitrator refused to postpone the hearing on a showing of sufficient cause, refused to hear evidence material to the controversy, or otherwise conducted the hearing to prejudice substantially a party's rights.

Arbitrators exceed their power when they "act beyond the material terms of the contract from which they primarily draw their authority, or in contravention of controlling principles of law." DAIIE v. Gavin, 416 Mich. 407, 434, 331 N.W.2d 418 (1982). "`[W]here it clearly appears on the face of the award or the reasons for the decision as stated, being substantially a part of the award, that the arbitrators through an error in law have been led to a wrong conclusion, and that, but for such error, a substantially different award must have been made, the award and decision will be set aside.'" Id. at 443, 331 N.W.2d 418, quoting Howe v. Patrons' Mut. Fire Ins. Co. of Michigan, 216 Mich. 560, 570, 185 N.W. 864 (1921). In Gavin, supra at 428, 331 N.W.2d 418, our Supreme Court also recognized, however, that "[t]here is no requirement that a verbatim record be made of private arbitration proceedings, there are no formal requirements of procedure and practice beyond those assuring impartiality, and no findings of fact or conclusions of law are required." With these principles in mind, the Gavin Court provided the following instruction for reviewing arbitration awards:

Arbitration, by its very nature, restricts meaningful legal review in the traditional sense. As a general observation, courts will be reluctant to modify or vacate an award because of the difficulty or impossibility, without speculation, of determining what caused an arbitrator to rule as he did. The informal and sometimes unorthodox procedures of the arbitration hearings, combined with the absence of a verbatim record and formal findings of fact and conclusions of law, make it virtually impossible to discern the mental path leading to an award. Reviewing courts are usually left without a plainly recognizable basis for finding substantial legal error. It is only the kind of legal error that is evident without scrutiny of intermediate mental indicia which remains reviewable, such as that involved in these cases. In many cases the arbitrator's alleged error will be as equally attributable to alleged "unwarranted" factfinding as to asserted "error of law". In such cases the award should be upheld since the alleged error of law cannot be shown with the requisite certainty to have been the essential basis for the challenged award and the arbitrator's findings of fact are unreviewable. [Id. at 429, 331 N.W.2d 418.]

Therefore, the Court in Gavin clearly held that an arbitrator need not provide a record of findings and supporting law to issue a valid, enforceable award, and a reviewing court should not use the lack of a clear record as an impediment to its confirmation of an arbitration award. Nevertheless, plaintiffs argue that Rembert v. Ryan's Family Steak Houses, Inc., 235 Mich.App. 118, 596 N.W.2d 208 (1999), requires an arbitrator to record the findings of fact and conclusions of law that led to the arbitration award. In Rembert, a conflict panel of this Court held that an arbitrator deciding an employee's claim under the Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2101 et seq., must take special care to preserve the employee's statutory rights to notice, counsel, discovery, fairness, and a neutral arbitrator. Rembert, supra at 160-161, 596 N.W.2d 208. While Rembert did not alter the standard of review stated in Gavin, it recognized that proper application of the standard of review in statutory civil rights cases meant that "arbitral awards must be in writing and contain findings of fact and conclusions of law." Id. at 165, 596 N.W.2d 208. "Without such a written opinion, courts would be unable to meaningfully apply the appropriate standard of review." Id.

Our holding in Rembert, supra, does not control in the present case, however, because this case does not involve the arbitration of statutory civil rights claims. Rembert, supra at 165, 596 N.W.2d 208. The record requirements in Rembert were more stringent because a court reviewing the arbitration of a civil rights...