SC FARM BUREAU MUT. INS. v. Wilson

Decision Date05 March 2001
Docket NumberNo. 3311.,3311.
Citation544 S.E.2d 848,344 S.C. 525
CourtSouth Carolina Court of Appeals
PartiesSOUTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE CO., Respondent, v. Calvin Lee WILSON, Mark Walton Davis and Carl King, Defendants, of whom Mark Walton Davis is, Respondent, and Carl King is, Appellant.

Gene M. Connell, Jr., of Kelaher, Connell & Connor, of Surfside Beach; and Phillip D. Sasser, of Conway, for appellant.

D. Michael Henthorne, Robert T. Bockman, and William W. Doar, Jr., all of the McNair Law Firm, of Georgetown; N. David DuRant, of Surfside; and William E. Lawson, of Lawson & Gwin, of Myrtle Beach, for respondent.

CURETON, Judge:

South Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company (Farm Bureau) filed this declaratory judgment action against Calvin Lee Wilson, Mark Walton Davis, and Carl King, seeking a determination of the parties' rights under a commercial automobile policy issued by Farm Bureau to Carl King. The master-in-equity found the policy did not provide King coverage because the utility trailer pulled by his truck had a weight capacity of over 5,000 pounds. King appeals. We affirm.

Facts

King is in the business of installing mobile homes. Farm Bureau issued a commercial policy to King insuring his 1988 Ford utility vehicle. King's employee was operating the vehicle while towing a utility trailer when the trailer disengaged, crossed the center line, and struck the vehicles occupied by Wilson and Davis.

Mark Gore, Farm Bureau's adjuster, investigated the accident. Gore testified King told him the capacity of the trailer was 10,000 pounds. Gore also stated King admitted the trailer was carrying approximately two hundred cement blocks at the time of the accident. The blocks, used to set up mobile homes, weigh approximately 30 pounds each.

Robert Taylor, a mechanical engineer and accident reconstructionist, described the trailer as "in between homemade and factory made." Thus, the trailer had no manufacturer's capacity nameplate. The trailer was constructed with a steel plate on the floor and sides. The bed was approximately six foot by ten foot, with eighteen inch sides. The trailer had two axles of a type used to transport mobile homes, and four tires, each with a maximum load capacity of 2,270 pounds. Taylor testified the trailer had a capacity of 6,500 to 7,500 pounds.

Donald Poston, a self-employed welder, testified he manufactured the trailer. He had built between thirty and forty trailers, of which approximately fifteen or twenty were utility trailers. Poston testified the capacity of the trailer is limited by the tongue. The tongue on this trailer was ten-feet long, five of which extended beyond the trailer. Poston testified the trailer had a capacity of approximately 4,000 pounds.

The master concluded, inter alia, King was not covered by the commercial automobile policy because the policy limited liability coverage to utility trailers with a capacity of 5,000 pounds or less and King's utility trailer had a capacity in excess of 5,000 pounds.

Standard of Review

A declaratory judgment action is neither legal nor equitable, but is determined by the nature of the underlying issue. Felts v. Richland County, 303 S.C. 354, 400 S.E.2d 781 (1991). An action to determine coverage under an insurance policy is an action at law. See Travelers Indem. Co. v. Auto World, Inc., 334 S.C. 137, 511 S.E.2d 692 (Ct.App.1999)

(noting that an action to determine coverage under an automobile insurance policy is an action at law). In an action at law tried without a jury, the trial court's findings will not be disturbed on appeal unless the findings are found to be without evidence reasonably supporting them. Townes Assocs., Ltd. v. City of Greenville, 266 S.C. 81, 221 S.E.2d 773 (1976).

Law/Analysis

King argues the master erred in concluding the auto policy excluded liability coverage. We disagree.

Part I of the policy describes liability coverage stating:

I.

We will:

1. pay for bodily injury and property damage you or any covered persons are legally obligated to pay caused by an accident arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of your auto.

The policy continues with a section defining supplementary payments and coverage extensions. The coverage extensions section first describes the coverage for "Use of Other Autos." It next describes liability coverage for "Use of Trailers." The master relied on this language in finding King not entitled to coverage:

USE OF TRAILERS
Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage applies to your use of:
1. any utility trailer with a capacity of 5,000 pounds or less;
2. any farm trailer with a capacity of 25,000 pounds or less; or
3. any other trailer not owned or leased by you.
Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage applies to any other owned or leased trailers only when listed on the Declarations or subsequent endorsements and the premium charge is paid ....

King argues because the policy does not specifically exclude utility trailers with a capacity of more than 5,000 pounds, the master erred in reading the exclusion into the policy. Insurance policies are subject to general rules of contract construction. Fritz-Pontiac-Cadillac-Buick v. Goforth, 312 S.C. 315, 440 S.E.2d 367 (1994). This court must enforce, not write, contracts of insurance and we must give policy language its plain, ordinary, and popular meaning. Id. An insurer's obligation under a policy of insurance is defined by the terms of the policy itself and cannot be enlarged by judicial construction. South Carolina Ins. Co. v. White, 301 S.C. 133, 390 S.E.2d 471 (Ct.App.1990).

It is true that a policy clause extending coverage has to be liberally construed in favor of coverage. Torrington Co. v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co., 264 S.C. 636, 216 S.E.2d 547 (1975). However, if the intention of the parties is clear, courts have no authority to torture the meaning of policy language to extend coverage that was never intended by the parties. Sphere Drake Ins. Co. v. Litchfield, 313 S.C. 471, 438...

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