Schaffer v. Kissinger, 74-1182

• Decision Date: 10 October 1974
• Docket Number: No. 74-1182,74-1182
• Citation: 164 U.S.App.D.C. 282,505 F.2d 389
• Parties: Frederick P. SCHAFFER, Appellant, v. Henry A. KISSINGER, Secretary of State, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit

Page 389

505 F.2d 389

164 U.S.App.D.C. 282

Frederick P. SCHAFFER, Appellant, v. Henry A. KISSINGER, Secretary of State, Appellee.

No. 74-1182.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Argued May 24, 1974.

Cecided Oct. 10, 1974.

Larry P. Ellsworth, Washington, D.C., with whom Ronald L. Plesser and Alan B. Morrison, washington, D.C., were on the brief for appellant.

William Kanter, Atty., Dept. of Justice with whom Earl J. Silbert, U.S. Atty., was on the brief for appellee. Thomas G. Wilson, Atty., Dept. of Justice, entered an appearance for appellee.

Before McGOWAN and ROBB, Circuit Judges, and STANLEY A. WEIGEL, ^* United States District Judge for the Northern District of California.

PER CURIAM:

Plaintiff, Frederick P. Schaffer, appeals from an order of the district court granting summary judgment in favor of defendant, the Secretary of State, in a suit brought under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552. We vacate the order and remand for further proceedings in accordance with the following.

On July 28, 1972 appellant, by letter, asked the State Department for access to reports in its possession, prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross, concerning conditions in prisoner-of-war camps in South Vietnam. The request was denied. Appellant then initiated an action under the FOIA, which provides in part:

* * * On complaint, the district court of the United States in the district in which the complainant resides, or has his principal place of business, or in which the agency records are situated, has jurisdiction to enjoin the agency from withholding agency records and to order the production of any agency records improperly withheld from the complainant. In such a case the court shall determine the matter de novo and the burden is on the agency to sustain its action. * * * 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(3).

Appellee moved for summary judgment. The trial court granted the motion, ruling that the State Department could properly withhold the Red Cross reports on the basis of 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), which provides that an agency may withhold records 'specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy.' The district court relied upon the affidavits of a State Department official tending to show that the reports were classified 'confidential' pursuant to Executive Order 11652, 37 Fed.Reg. 5209, which provides for the classification of material 'in the interest of the national defense or foreign relations.' $1$ The Supreme Court, in Environmental Protection Agency v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 93 S.Ct. 827, 35 L.Ed.2d 119 (1973), has construed the national defense and foreign policy exemption and has defined the scope of judicial review of an agency's refusal to disclose information on the basis of the 552(b)(1) exemption. The test to be applied by the district court is 'whether the President has determined by Executive Order that particular documents are to be kept secret.' Id. at 82, 93 S.Ct. at 833. The district court is not free to inquire into 'the soundness of executive security classifications . . ..' Id. at 84, 93 S.Ct. at 834.

This case raises an issue not reached in Mink, supra. The petitioners in Mink challenged classification procedures under 552(b) but did not dispute 'the fact of (the) classifications and the documents' characterizations . . ..' 410 U.S. at 84, 93 S.Ct. at 834. Here, appellant questions whether appellee in fact effected a security classification of the Red Cross reports.

In response to appellee's summary judgment motion, and in accord with Rule 56(f), Fed.R.Civ.P., f1 appellant stated by affidavit that genuine factual issues existed making summary judgment inappropriate, but that without discovery he could not present verified facts to justify his opposition. Appellant contends that not all copies of the Red Cross reports were stamped 'confidential' that any document so marked was not stamped in accordance with 4(B) of...