Schmanski v. State

• Decision Date: 15 February 1979
• Docket Number: No. 878S175,878S175
• Citation: 385 N.E.2d 1122,270 Ind. 331
• Parties: Terry SCHMANSKI, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 1122

385 N.E.2d 1122

270 Ind. 331

Terry SCHMANSKI, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 878S175.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

Feb. 15, 1979.

Paul T. Cholis, South Bend, for appellant.

Theo. L. Sendak, Atty. Gen., Rollin E. Thompson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

PRENTICE, Justice.

Defendant (Appellant) was charged with first degree murder, Ind. Code § 35-13-4-1 (Burns 1975) and convicted of the lesser included offense of second degree murder in a trial by jury. He was sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than fifteen (15) nor more than twenty-five (25) years. On appeal he raises the following as error:

(1) Whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict on the elements of malice and purpose.

(2) Whether the trial court erred in refusing testimony concerning the existence of a second gun.

(3) Whether the trial court erred in denying the defendant's motion for mistrial.

(4) Whether the trial court erred in sustaining the State's objections to questions concerning the decedent's prior convictions for assault and battery and disorderly conduct.

ISSUE I

The evidence most favorable to the State disclosed that during the evening hours of September 9, 1977, the defendant attended a beer drinking party on Pershing Street in South Bend. When the beer ran out at the party, he left, along with Donna Cox and Denny Kroll, stopping at various places to buy alcohol. Sometime after midnight the defendant and Ms. Cox drove past the scene of a second party at the request of Ms. Cox. The defendant was hesitant about stopping at the party, as he did not want to encounter Robert Crawford, the decedent's brother, who Ms. Cox knew would be there. Crawford had previously fought with one of the defendant's friends. Despite the defendant's reservations, they decided to stop at the party. The defendant and Crawford became involved in a conversation, during which time the decedent, Crawford's brother, approached the two, asked the defendant why he was "hassling" Crawford and hit the defendant in the mouth. The defendant stumbled backward, said something to the effect that he was going to kill the decedent, drew a sawed off shotgun that had been concealed in his boot and shot the decedent once, fatally wounding him. He then turned to Crawford and stated that he was going to kill him too, at which point Crawford turned and ran.

The defendant testified at trial that the decedent had aimed a dark colored gun at him prior to the shooting, however, Crawford and Ms. Cox, both witnesses to the shooting, testified that the decedent was unarmed.

The defendant does not espouse the theory of self defense on appeal, as he concedes that the jury could properly have found from the evidence that he was not acting in self defense when he shot the decedent. Rather, he contends that there was insufficient proof that he acted with purpose and malice, inasmuch as the State failed to exclude the hypothesis that he was reacting out of fear and anger, having had no time to coolly reflect upon what he was about to do. As authority for his position, the defendant relies solely on Shutt v. State, (1977) Ind., 367 N.E.2d 1376.

At the outset we must first note that, as in any sufficiency determination, we will neither reweigh the evidence nor will we judge the credibility of the witnesses. Beasley v. State, (1977) Ind., 370 N.E.2d 360. We will look only to that evidence most favorable to the State along with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, to determine whether such evidence and inferences would permit a reasonable trier of fact to find the existence of each of the essential elements of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt. If so, the verdict will not be disturbed. Baum v. State, (1976) 264 Ind. 421, 345 N.E.2d 831.

The facts in Shutt are readily distinguishable from those in the case at bar. There, we found that the inference of malice, which arose only from the defendant's use of a deadly weapon, was rebutted by unrefuted evidence to the contrary.

In the instant case, there is a marked absence of the provocative circumstances present in the Shutt case, and some inference of malice arose from circumstances other than the use of the weapon. There had been no prior threats of physical harm directed towards the defendant nor had there been any acts other than the assault immediately preceding the shooting, upon which to base a finding of provocation sufficient to give rise to an impassioned mind incapable of cool reflection. On the contrary, the defendant went to the party armed, anticipating the possibility of a fight. After the initial assault, the defendant paused for a moment and stated that he was going to kill the decedent before firing the fatal shot. Much of the evidence tends to support the inference that the defendant acted with purpose and malice.

ISSUE II

During its case in chief, the defense called Diana Cox as a witness, and questioned her concerning a gun that she had seen at the Pershing Street party. She testified that she was shown the gun as she was leaving the party. The State objected to the questioning on the grounds that it was irrelevant, at which time the defense made the following offer to prove:

"Mr. Cholis: If this witness is permitted to testify, she will testify that she saw the gun in the possession of Todd Moss; that he showed it to her after they left the Pershing Street party. I believe she's already testified that after leaving the Pershing Street party they went to the party up north at Buwa's house. I believe that she will further testify she never saw the gun after that time.

"The Court: What does that have to do with it?

"Mr. Cholis: The only connecting link would be that there is a possibility that the gun was given to Gary Crawford and thereby left with somebody at the party.

"The Court: That is the last time she ever saw that thing?

"Mr. Cholis: This is the last time she will testify she will have ever seen it.

"Mr. Barnes: That is pretty thin.

"The Court: That is too far away, unless you are going to connect it up, and I don't know how you can based on what you said.

"Mr. Cholis: That is all I believe this witness is able to testify to.

"The Court: There is nothing that anybody else is going to testify to?

"Mr. Cholis: No."

The State's objection was sustained, however, on cross examination, Ms. Cox testified that she did not see the gun again after leaving Moss' car.

Defendant contends that the trial court erred in refusing to admit testimony which would have shown that the decedent may have had a gun at the time that he as...