Schwab v. Richardson, 81

• Decision Date: 12 November 1923
• Docket Number: No. 81,81
• Citation: 263 U.S. 88,68 L.Ed. 183,44 S.Ct. 60
• Parties: SCHWAB v. RICHARDSON, State Treasurer of California
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

263 U.S. 88

44 S.Ct. 60

68 L.Ed. 183

SCHWAB

v RICHARDSON, State Treasurer of California.

No. 81.

Submitted Oct. 15, 1923.

Decided Nov. 12, 1923.

Messrs. W. I. Brobeck, of San Francisco, Cal., and Herbert W. Clark, for plaintiff in error.

Mr. U. S. Webb, of San Francisco, Cal., for defendant in error.

Mr. Justice McKENNAdelivered the opinion of the Court.

The case presents the validity of state taxation on the franchise of the Oceanic Steamship Company, a corporation of the state of California.

There is no dispute of facts.The case turns entirely upon the law applicable to them.The company was organized to engage under California laws in the transportation of freight and passengers between San Francisco and the Hawaiian Islands and certain foreign countries and did no intrastate business except the purchase of its fuel and supplies used in its transportation business.

The company made a written report to the state board of equalization as required by the law of the state.The report contained a concise statement and description of every franchise enjoyed by the company, and other matters required of the company by the law.

The board in pursuance of the law and the Constitution of the state determined the value of the franchise granted by the state to be $120,000 and assessed and levied a tax thereon of 1 per cent. which amounted to the sum of $1,200.It is contended that the assessment and levy were and are void under section 1 of Amendment 14 of the Constitution of the United States, because thereby the board assessed and taxed the company on property the situs of which was for more than a year prior to the assessment, and is, without the state of California and beyond the jurisdiction of the state for the purpose of taxation, and attempts to regulate and burden interstate and foreign commerce.

The specification of the means is expressed in the complaint in addition to the situation of the company's property as follows: The company engaged in business outside of the state.In assessing the franchise of the company the board of equalization did so in pursuance of a fixed rule and general system which necessarily was discriminatory and inequitable.The board ascertained the actual or market value of the capital stock of the company, which was constituted of all the value of its property outside of the state, and from such sum deducted the value of the tangible property of the company in and out of California, and the sum thus ascertained was held by the board to be the value of the franchise of the company.The board then ascertained the percentage and proportion of the total business of the company transacted in California during the year 1913, and determined the same percentage and proportion of the total franchise value to be the value of the franchise assessable and taxable in California, and the board thereupon took 15 per cent. of that sum which amounted to $120,000, and on that sum levied a tax at the rate of 1 per cent. amounting to $1,200.And it is alleged that the market value of the shares of capital stock of the company was at all times materially increased by reason of, and in a great part due to, the ownership and use by the company of the property outside of the state.

The company paid the tax under protest.It subsequently assigned its claim to Edwin Schwab, plaintiff in error, who brought this action in the superior court of San Francisco against the state, basing the ground of action upon the illegality of the tax.

The answer of the treasurer to the complaint admitted the assessment of the franchise, but denied that the method pursued by the board of equalization in the assessment produced a result which was unnecessarily or at all discriminatory, or necessarily or at all inequitable;

Denied that the assessment was or is void under any law or for any reason whatsoever, or that the board assessed or taxed the company on any property the situs of which was or is without the state or beyond the jurisdiction of the state for the purpose of assessment;

Alleged that the value of the franchise was the sum fixed by the board.

Judgment was moved on the pleadings, and plaintiff in error elected to stand on the motion without introducing evidence.The motion was denied and judgment rendered against him.It was affirmed by the Supreme Court.188 Cal. 27, 204 Pac. 396.

Three contentions are made against the assessment and levy: (1)They deprive the company of its property without due process...