Scott Oil Co., Inc. v. Indiana Dept. of State Revenue

• Decision Date: 27 January 1992
• Docket Number: No. 49T05-9003-TA-00018,49T05-9003-TA-00018
• Citation: 584 N.E.2d 1127
• Parties: SCOTT OIL COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF STATE REVENUE, Respondent.
• Court: Indiana Tax Court

Page 1127

584 N.E.2d 1127

SCOTT OIL COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF STATE REVENUE, Respondent.

No. 49T05-9003-TA-00018.

Tax Court of Indiana.

Jan. 27, 1992.

Joseph R. Impicciche, N. Kent Smith, Hall Render Killian Heath & Lyman, P.C., Indianapolis, for petitioner.

Linley E. Pearson, Atty. Gen., Douglas J. Deglopper, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for respondent.

FISHER, Judge.

The Petitioner, Scott Oil Company, Inc. (Scott Oil), moves for summary judgment on its appeal challenging the Indiana Department of State Revenue's (the Department) assessment and collection of special fuel tax for the years 1985, 1986, and 1987. On September 20, 1989, Scott Oil paid the assessed tax together with interest and penalties in the amount of $30,879.84 and simultaneously filed a claim for refund, which the Department has neither granted nor denied.

FACTS

The following facts are undisputed. Scott Oil, a family owned Indiana corporation, is a licensed special fuel dealer and carrier primarily engaged in marketing and distributing petroleum products, including special fuel. Since 1945, Scott Oil has owned and operated a gas station located on the corner of Ninth and Elm Streets in Clinton, Indiana, a small community with a population of approximately 5,000.

During the years at issue, the Clinton station sold special fuel to the general public from the stationary dual-sided pump located outside the rear (north) wall of the station. A six foot long by six foot tall window in the north wall of the station was directly behind the pump. The dual-sided pump was labeled "highway diesel fuel" on its west side, containing taxable diesel fuel for on-road use and on its east side was labeled "non-highway diesel fuel," containing non-taxable special fuel for agricultural and other off-road use. Each side of the pump was separately metered with a separate dispensing nozzle.

By lifting a lever on the pump, customers turned on the non-highway pump themselves to dispense fuel, although the pump could be deactivated at any time from inside the station at the cashier's booth. The station personnel could monitor the fuel dispensed from the dual-sided pump by Tokheim meter readouts displayed at the cashier's booth inside the station.

Scott Oil did not advertise the sale of special fuel on the station premises, in print, or in other media. Additionally, the officers and employees personally knew most of the station's customers and generally knew the use for which they purchased special fuel.

Additional facts will be included as necessary.

ISSUES

I. Is there a genuine issue of a material fact whether special fuel was dispensed from the side of the dual-metered, twin nozzle fuel pump labelled "non-highway diesel fuel" (the non-highway pump) into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles?

II. As a matter of law, is fuel sold from Scott Oil's non-highway pump taxable under IND.CODE 6-6-2.1-201?

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

The court repeats the familiar standard that summary judgment may be granted only after a bifurcated inquiry, determining first whether a genuine issue of material fact exists and second whether the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Ind.Rules of Procedure, Trial Rule 56(C). Summary judgment cannot substitute for trial to resolve factual disputes or conflicting inferences following from undisputed facts. C & C Oil Co. v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue (1991), Ind.Tax, 570 N.E.2d 1376, 1378 (citing ITT Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Union Bank & Trust Co. (1988), Ind.App., 528 N.E.2d 1149, 1152). The moving party first must establish that no genuine issue of material fact exists. State v. American Motorists Ins. Co. (1984), Ind.App., 463 N.E.2d 1142, 1145-46. The party opposing the motion then must come forward with specific facts to show that there is a genuine issue for trial. Moll v. South Cent. Solar Sys., Inc. (1981), Ind.App., 419 N.E.2d 154, 160 (citing Whipple v. Dickey (1980), Ind.App., 401 N.E.2d 787).

I.

To determine whether a material factual issue exists the "[f]acts alleged in the complaint are taken as true except to the extent that they are negated by other pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, affidavits, or other evidence presented by the [opposing] party." C & C Oil, 570 N.E.2d at 1378 (quoting Kahf v. Charleston S. Apartments (1984), Ind.App., 461 N.E.2d 723, 729, trans. denied) (emphasis added). "The court must determine the probative value of each piece of evidence presented in connection with a motion for summary judgment...." Id. at 1380 (citing Burke v. Capello (1988), Ind., 520 N.E.2d 439, 440). Furthermore, the evidence and all reasonable inferences which can be drawn therefrom must be considered in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Id. at 1379 (citing Cromer v. City of Indianapolis (1989), Ind.App., 540 N.E.2d 663, 666).

In support of its motion for summary judgment, Scott Oil submitted the Department's letter of findings issued July 28, 1989, and one affidavit by John W. Scott (the Scott Affidavit), the president of Scott Oil, including a roughly scaled diagram of the physical layout of the Clinton service station. Scott averred that the physical configuration of the station impeded access to the non-highway pump by large trucks. Scott further declared the non-highway pump was fully visible from the cashier's booth through the six by six foot window in the station's rear wall. Scott attested that he did not ever see and was never made aware by employees or others of an instance in which a customer placed fuel from the non-highway pump into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle. The pleadings, the facts, asserted from the affiant's personal knowledge, and the reasonable inferences therefrom provide prima facie evidence that special fuel was not dispensed in a taxable manner at the Clinton station, demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.

"The burden [to go forward] therefore shifts to the Department to show the existence of a genuine issue of material fact by specifically setting forth contrary facts either in affidavits, depositions, testimony, or as otherwise provided in T.R. 56(C)." Id. at 1378 (citing ITT Commercial, 528 N.E.2d at 1151). The Department offers five affidavits from customers of the Clinton station, which directly contradict certain facts averred in the Scott Affidavit. A disputed fact, however, must be material to defeat a motion for summary judgment. ¹

A material fact is one which may be dispositive of the case. See id. (citing Willsey v. Peoples Fed. Sav. and Loan Ass'n (1988), Ind.App., 529 N.E.2d 1199, 1206 n. 5). The sale of special fuel is taxable only when dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, Id. (citing IC 6-6-2.1-201; IC 6-6-2.1-103). Whether special fuel from Scott Oil's non-highway pump is delivered into the fuel supply tank of a motor vehicle therefore is a material fact because it may be dispositive of the case at bar. The question remains whether this material fact raises a genuine issue to be resolved at trial.

A genuine issue is raised when a material fact is in dispute or when the reasonable inferences following from undisputed material facts conflict. Two of the Department's affiants, Donald Blanchard and Fred Pickell, assert that they dispensed special fuel from the non-highway pump into the gas tanks of their motor vehicles without interference or collection of special fuel tax by an employee at the Clinton station. Blanchard's and Pickell's averments do not directly negate Scott's averment that he had no knowledge, either personally or from his employees, of fuel improperly dispensed from the non-highway pump. Neither does Scott's lack of knowledge negate the fact that Blanchard and Pickell dispensed special fuel from the Clinton station's non-highway pump into the gas tanks of motor vehicles. Instead, both facts can be reconciled, coexisting as true. Accordingly, no material fact is in dispute.

From the isolated fact that Scott did not have any knowledge regarding the improper dispensing of special fuel, the court might reasonably infer that the safeguards at the Clinton station effectively prevented the improper dispensing of special fuel. In light of Blanchard's and Pickell's averments, however, the above inference is unreasonable. The only reasonable inference that follows from all the undisputed material facts is that Scott Oil's safeguards were ineffective for their intended purpose. Consequently, no genuine issue arises from the inferences drawn from the material facts because all reasonable inferences point in one direction and do not conflict. The court accordingly finds no genuine issue of material fact exists to be resolved at a trial on the merits.

Scott Oil attacks the credibility of the Blanchard and Pickell affidavits, implying their acts of dispensing fuel from the non-highway pump into their motor vehicle's fuel tanks without paying special fuel tax were felonious and therefore not sufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact. A motion for summary judgment, however, is an improper vehicle to determine weight or credibility of evidence. See id. at 1380 (citing Burke, 520 N.E.2d at 440). Therefore,...