Scott v. Jones, 91-2557

• Decision Date: 06 May 1992
• Docket Number: No. 91-2557,91-2557
• Citation: 964 F.2d 314
• Parties: Matilda SCOTT, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Sherwood A. JONES; Jones & Jones, Defendants-Appellants.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

Page 314

964 F.2d 314

Matilda SCOTT, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Sherwood A. JONES; Jones & Jones, Defendants-Appellants.

No. 91-2557.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued Feb. 3, 1992.

Decided May 6, 1992.

William Delaney Bayliss, Williams, Mullen, Christian & Dobbins, Richmond, Va., argued (Dana D. McDaniel, Glen A. Lea, on brief), for defendants-appellants.

Norman A. Kinnier, Fralin, Freeman & Kinnier, P.C., Lynchburg, Va., argued (Roy L. Steinheimer, Jr., Gary M. Coates, on brief), for plaintiff-appellee.

Before ERVIN, Chief Judge, and RUSSELL and WILKINSON, Circuit Judges.

OPINION

ERVIN, Chief Judge:

The plaintiff-appellee, Matilda Scott, brings this class action against Sherwood Jones and his law firm, Jones & Jones, for violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1692, et seq. Jones argues that he is not a "debt collector" within the meaning of the FDCPA. We agree with the district court that Jones falls within the plain meaning of the FDCPA definition of "debt collector" and, accordingly, affirm the district court's ruling.

I.

Sherwood Jones is an attorney practicing in Richmond, Virginia. For several years, Jones has been retained by Central Fidelity Bank ("CFB") and Investors Savings Bank to represent their bank card divisions in lawsuits based on delinquent credit card accounts. In February 1990, Jones filed suit in the General District Court for the City of Richmond against Matilda Scott, a resident of Lynchburg, Virginia, to recover the balance past due on Scott's credit card account with CFB. Scott had applied for a CFB credit card at the Lynchburg branch office of the bank. Venue in Richmond was proper under state law.

Scott objected to the Richmond venue under the FDCPA, which states, in relevant part, "Any debt collector who brings any legal action on a debt against any consumer shall ... bring such action only in the judicial district or similar legal entity--(A) in which such consumer signed the contract sued upon; or (B) in which such consumer resides at the commencement of the action." 15 U.S.C. § 1692i(a). Jones agreed to transfer the case to Lynchburg General District Court, and CFB ultimately dropped the case and forgave Scott's debt.

Scott filed a purported class action against Jones and his law firm, Jones & Jones, seeking imposition of civil liability, as authorized by 15 U.S.C. § 1692k, for violation of the FDCPA venue provision. Scott requested, on behalf of herself and the class: actual damages, statutory damages, attorney's fees and injunctive relief. Jones asserted the affirmative defense that he was not a "debt collector" as defined in the FDCPA, and therefore was not in violation of that statute. On crossmotions for partial summary judgment on this issue, the district court found for Scott, ruling that Jones was a "debt collector" under the FDCPA. On June 11, 1991, this court granted Jones' motion for an interlocutory appeal of the district court's ruling, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b).

II.

The venue restrictions of 15 U.S.C. § 1692i apply only to legal actions initiated by "debt collectors," as defined in the FDCPA. According to that statute:

The term "debt collector" means any person who uses any instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business the principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts, or who regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another.

15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). The court below found that the foregoing definition was clear without reference to extraneous interpretive guidance and ruled that Jones' conduct satisfied both of the alternative prongs of the definition.

We agree with the district court's conclusion that the "principal purpose" of Jones' business was the collection of debts. Deposition testimony revealed that at least 70-80% of Jones' legal fees were generated in relation to legal work performed toward the collection of debts. Equally persuasive is the district court's conclusion that Jones regularly attempted to collect debts "indirectly," as outlined in the second prong of the "debt collector" definition. The "regularity" is shown by the sheer volume of Jones' business. Jones filed approximately 4,000 warrants per year between 1983 and 1987, and while the number declined in recent years, the practice continued to constitute a significant portion of his business.

We do not accept Jones' argument that he was engaged in the practice of law, not the collection of debts. We find this to be an artificial distinction. No matter what name is applied to Jones' activities, it is clear that the "principal purpose" of his work was the collection of debt. Likewise, we concur with the district judge that, at the very least, the filing of warrants constitutes an "indirect" means of debt collection. We reach this conclusion both from a common sense construction of the statutory language, and from the simple fact that, in the FDCPA itself, Congress chose to regulate the venue of debt related court actions alongside other, more direct, methods of debt collection.

We, like the district court, find the statutory language defining "debt collector" for purposes of the FDCPA to be clear and unambiguous and, therefore, decline to consider Jones' arguments relating to the legislative history of the provision. See United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 241, 109 S.Ct. 1026, 1030, 103 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989) ("where, as here, the statute's language is plain, 'the sole function of the courts is to enforce it according to its terms.' " (quoting Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470, 37 S.Ct. 192, 61 L.Ed. 442 (1917))). ¹ We acknowledge that there is no absolute rule against use of extrinsic aids to statutory interpretation, even in the face of facially unambiguous statutory language. See Train v. Colorado Public Interest Research Group, Inc., 426 U.S. 1, 10, 96 S.Ct. 1938, 1942, 48 L.Ed.2d 434 (1976). Nevertheless we find that the statutory language of the FDCPA is sufficiently clear, and the legislative history sufficiently sparse, that the legislative history has relatively little persuasive weight in comparison to the plain meaning of the statute.

Similarly, Jones argues that this court is bound by the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") interpretation of the meaning of "collection of debt" as used in the FDCPA. The FTC's position has been that only "[a]ttorneys or law firms that engage in traditional debt collection activities (sending dunning letters, making collection calls to consumers) are covered by the FDCPA.... The term [debt collector] does not include ... [a]n attorney whose practice is limited to legal activities (e.g., the filing and prosecution of lawsuits to reduce debts to judgment)." "Federal Trade Commission, Statements of General Policy or Interpretation, Staff Commentary on the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act," 53 Fed.Reg. 50,097, 50,100-02 (1988). The FTC's interpretation is based on the legislative history of the statute (see discussion supra, n. 1) purportedly indicating that Congress did not mean, by repealing the attorney exception, to extend the range of activities proscribed by the FDCPA. The FTC confirmed its position in a letter addressed specifically to Jones, who, concerned about...