Scully's Auto-Marine Upholstery, Inc. v. Peerless Ins. Co., Inc.
Decision Date | 30 July 1992 |
Docket Number | No. 91-198,AUTO-MARINE,91-198 |
Citation | 611 A.2d 635,136 N.H. 65 |
Parties | SCULLY'SUPHOLSTERY, INC. v. PEERLESS INSURANCE COMPANY, INC. and another. |
Court | New Hampshire Supreme Court |
J.P. Nadeau, Portsmouth, on the brief and orally, for plaintiff.
Devine, Millimet & Branch P.A., Manchester (Timothy S. Reiniger, on the brief and orally), for defendant, Peerless Ins. Co., Inc.
Nixon, Hall & Hess P.A., Manchester (David W. Hess, on the brief and orally), for defendant, Wageman Ins. Agency.
The plaintiff, Scully's Auto-Marine Upholstery, Inc. (Scully), appeals the Superior Court's (Gray, J.) dismissal of its declaratory judgment action against the defendants, Peerless Insurance Company, Inc. (Peerless) and Wageman Insurance Agency (Wageman). Scully argues that the trial court erred by dismissing the declaratory judgment action, because the six-month limitation period for bringing such actions should run from the time of service of the underlying writ, not from the time of filing of the writ. It also maintains that the declaratory judgment action was not moot, even though the underlying suits had been dismissed, because it had incurred defense costs associated with the dismissal of those suits. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
On August 13, 1990, Scully filed a petition for declaratory judgment to determine its entitlement to insurance coverage in two civil suits brought against it by a third party. One suit was initially filed in the Maine Superior Court (York County) on January 25, 1990, but the complaint was not served on Scully until March 6, 1990. The second suit, in which Scully was impleaded to indemnify the named defendant, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maine on June 13, 1990; the complaint was served on Scully on July 11, 1990.
Both Peerless and Wageman moved to dismiss the declaratory judgment action, asserting that it was time barred under the six-month limitations period for insurance coverage disputes in the declaratory judgment statute. They also maintained that the action was moot because the underlying civil actions had been dismissed. On April 30, 1991, the trial court granted both motions to dismiss. This appeal followed.
The declaratory judgment statute provides in pertinent part:
We note at the outset that coverage for both a federal district court suit and a Maine superior court action is in dispute in this case. In Jackson v. Federal Insurance Co., 127 N.H. 230, 498 A.2d 757 (1985), we held that RSA 491:22 applies only to underlying suits brought in State court. Id. at 233, 498 A.2d at 759. Consequently, the statutory procedure is not available to determine coverage for the proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of Maine. Jackson supra; Mottolo v. U.S. Fidelity & Guaranty Co., 127 N.H. 279, 285, 498 A.2d 760, 765 (1985).
As for coverage for the proceedings in the Maine Superior Court, the question is whether the Maine Superior Court qualifies as a "State court" under Jackson. We hold that it does not. Analysis of the Jackson case leads us to conclude that the use of RSA 491:22 is limited to parties involved in suits brought in New Hampshire State courts only.
In Jackson we noted that "[t]he plain language of the statute clearly applies only to State actions." Jackson, 127 N.H. at 232, 498 A.2d at 759. We based our determination partly on the reference to the law as a "court cleaning bill," id. at 233, 498 A.2d at 759, and stated that "[c]learly, the State legislature does not have the power to 'clean' the federal courts." Id. Likewise, our legislature is powerless to control the procedures by which the Maine State courts deal with questions relating to a dispute litigated before them.
We therefore hold that RSA 491:22 applies only to underlying suits brought in our State courts. Thus, regardless of when the declaratory judgment petition was filed, the trial court correctly dismissed the claims relating to the underlying actions. See In re Trailer and Plumbing Supplies, 133 N.H. 432, 438, 578 A.2d 343, 346 (1990) ( ).
Affirmed.
HORTON, J., dissented; the others concurred.
With the majority's interpretation of Jackson v. Federal Insurance Co., 127 N.H. 230, 498 A.2d 757 (1985), barring all declaratory judgment suits determining insurance coverage when the coverage issue flows from an underlying liability suit in the federal courts (as in Jackson) or in any foreign jurisdiction (as Jackson is here applied), I reexamine Jackson in the light of this case and am convinced that Jackson should either be reversed or severely limited in its application.
It seems unreasonable to me that a New Hampshire citizen, insured by a New Hampshire policy, can be barred from the determination of a contract matter in the courts of this State. This is particularly true when the underlying liability cases in federal or foreign jurisdictions have been concluded and our court activity can have no conceivable impact on the administration of justice in those jurisdictions.
Jackson bases its deprivation of access to our courts, in part, through the use of the 1967 amendment (Laws 1967, 432:1) to our 1929 declaratory judgment statute (Laws 1929, 86:1). The original statute granted access to any person claiming a contested present legal or equitable right or title. A disputed claim of coverage was clearly included. The 1967 amendment was, as noted in Jackson, a "court cleaning bill." And further, as noted in Jackson, it is not our function to clean the courts of other jurisdictions. Rather than deprive litigants of the access afforded by the bill, does it not make more sense to limit the amendment on insurance coverage to cases flowing from liability matters initiated by a writ issued by our courts. As to the conflict between related cases on different tracks and the concerns for comity and federalism expressed in Jackson, would not a fairer procedure be for the declaratory judgment respondent to allege some form of forum non conveniens and have the matter be determined on a case by case basis?
I would reverse Jackson but apply the 1967 amendment as far as practical to the foreign jurisdiction's procedure....
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