Seawell v. United States

• Decision Date: 07 May 1957
• Docket Number: No. 7362.,7362.
• Citation: 243 F.2d 909
• Parties: Harry Alston SEAWELL, Jr., Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

243 F.2d 909 (1957)

Harry Alston SEAWELL, Jr., Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.

No. 7362.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued March 14, 1957.

Decided May 7, 1957.

Russell T. Bradford, Norfolk, Va., for appellant.

John M. Hollis, Asst. U. S. Atty., Norfolk, Va. (L. S. Parsons, Jr., U. S. Atty., Norfolk, Va., on brief), for appellee.

Before SOPER and SOBELOFF, Circuit Judges, and HUTCHESON, District Judge.

SOPER, Circuit Judge.

This appeal is taken from a sentence of imprisonment imposed upon Harry Alston Seawell, Jr. when he was found guilty in a trial before the District Judge without a jury of having in his possession unregistered distilling apparatus for the unlawful distillation of spirits, making fermented mash fit for the distillation of spirits on unauthorized premises, carrying on the business of a distiller without having given bond as required by law, and having in his possession distilled spirits subject to tax in unstamped containers in violation of §§ 5174, 5216, 5616, 5008(b), and 5642 of the Internal Revenue Code, 1954, 26 U.S.C.A. §§ 5174, 5216, 5616, 5008(b), 5642. At the same time Shelton Oscar Stokley and Sam Talmadge Winstead, co-defendants, were convicted of one or more of these offenses. Only Seawell appealed. The questions involved are whether the Revenue agents who arrested the defendant were justified in taking him into custody without a warrant and whether certain incriminating articles taken from his person were admissible in evidence, and whether substantial evidence was offered at the trial to support the verdict of guilty.

There is little or no dispute as to the facts. On Friday, October 5, 1956, Revenue agents discovered a 250 gallon illicit still in a wooded section of Southampton County, Virginia, about 5 miles from the town of Franklin. The still was located in the woods at some distance from a State dirt road which connected two other State highways. The approach to the still was an old logging road, not readily discernible, which ran from the dirt road into the woods in a northerly direction for a distance of about three-quarters of a mile when it came to a dead end. Along the west side of the logging road for a part of the way was a wire fence. About half way in the logging road the fence was broken down and a path, starting from the wire fence, lead in a westerly direction about 400 yards to the still.

The agents did not seize the still on that day but returned for further investigation at 3:30 P.M. on the following Monday, October 10. When they reached the intersection of the logging road and still path they noticed a 1942 Ford car parked ahead of them on the logging road and a 1941 Ford car parked in the woods about 65 yards west of the fence. The body of the latter car had been removed and replaced by a "homemade" flat bed of rough lumber. (It was shown at the trial that a year before the arrest this truck was seen in the rear of the defendant's house at Fentress, Virginia, about 50 miles distant from the still site.) Believing that the still was in operation and not being ready to raid it the agents started back through the woods in an easterly direction toward one of the highways and as they did so they ran across the defendant, Seawell, lying asleep on the ground in the woods at a distance of about 65 yards from the intersection and about 400 yards from the still. A flashlight lay on the ground beside the man and there was a strong odor of alcohol about his person, and brown stains on his trousers, his sweat shirt and his shoes, which appeared to have been made by whisky mash. The agents then arrested the defendant, who stated that he had been brought to the place by a man whose name was unknown to him. He gave no other explanation of his presence in the woods. After the arrest the agents searched the defendant and found upon his person a registration card indicating that he was the registered owner of a 1947 Ford car which, on the evening of the same day, was driven into the logging road by Stokley and parked at the intersection loaded with 2,000 pounds of sugar. After the car entered the logging road the driver alighted and wiped out the marks of the tires entering the woods with a pine branch. In the glove compartment of this car the agents found some advertisements addressed to the defendant, along with two brass gauge glass fittings for a low pressure type boiler, such as was being used at the still. The agents found 280 gallons of illicit whisky at the still, together with 350 gallons of live mash and an undetermined quantity of spent mash. There was no fire under the still but the spent mash and the boiler were very hot, indicating that the still had been in operation during the late hours of the morning.

Five minutes after finding the defendant the agents came across Winstead, who was also asleep on the ground in the woods with a flashlight beside him. He was lying behind the automobile which the agents had seen parked on the logging road. In this car was found a quantity of cork stoppers of the type used in five-gallon jugs. Winstead's clothing...