SEC v. Aberdeen Securities Co., Inc.

• Decision Date: 13 November 1975
• Docket Number: No. 75-1074 to 75-1076.,75-1074 to 75-1076.
• Citation: 526 F.2d 603
• Parties: SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Plaintiff, Securities Investor Protection Corp., Applicant, v. ABERDEEN SECURITIES CO., INC., et al. Appeal of SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION CORPORATION, Applicant, and Claude P. Hudson, Trustee for Aberdeen Securities Co., Inc., in Nos. 75-1074, 75-1075 (two cases). Appeal of Claimants Sheldon RAIZES et al., in No. 75-1076.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

526 F.2d 603

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Plaintiff Securities Investor Protection Corp., Applicant, v. ABERDEEN SECURITIES CO., INC., et al. Appeal of SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION CORPORATION, Applicant, and Claude P. Hudson, Trustee for Aberdeen Securities Co., Inc., in Nos. 75-1074, 75-1075 (two cases) Appeal of Claimants Sheldon RAIZES et al., in No. 75-1076.

Nos. 75-1074 to 75-1076.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Argued September 2, 1975.

Decided November 13, 1975.

Theodore H. Focht, Gen. Counsel, Securities Investor Protection Corp., Washington, D.C., Wilfred R. Caron, Associate Gen. Counsel, William H. Seckinger, Senior Atty., Francis L. Carter, Washington, D.C., of counsel, for Securities Investor Protection Corp.

John Biggs, III, Biggs & Battaglia, Wilmington, Del., for Claude P. Hudson, Trustee.

Jerome E. Bogutz, Bogutz & Mazer, Philadelphia, Pa., for claimants Sheldon Raizes and others.

John H. McDonald, Asst. U.S. Atty., Wilmington, Del., for United States.

OPINION OF THE COURT

VAN DUSEN, Circuit Judge.

These appeals challenge an October 3, 1974, district court order awarding counsel fees of $3,250.00 and costs of $377.07 to be paid to Jerome E. Bogutz, Esq. (Bogutz) by the trustee for Aberdeen Securities Co., Inc. (Aberdeen), which is in liquidation under the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970 (SIPA), 15 U.S.C. § 78aaa et seq.¹ We reverse and remand for reconsideration by the district court of the claim for attorney's fees in light of this opinion.

This is the second appeal to come before this court from the above liquidation proceeding. See Securities & Exch. Com'n v. Aberdeen Securities Co., Inc., 480 F.2d 1121 (3d Cir. 1973), where the Raizes claim was remanded to the district court "for appropriate findings in order to determine if there was, on the filing date, a legally sufficient claim . . . ."²

The SIPA was passed by Congress to provide protection to investors if the broker-dealer with whom they are doing business should encounter financial difficulties.³ The protection provided is similar to that provided bank depositors by the FDIC.⁴

The Act establishes the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC), which is a non-profit, membership corporation and is not an agency or establishment of the United States Government. Brokers, dealers, and persons who are members of a national securities exchange are the members of the corporation. In the event of the insolvency of a member, a court of competent jurisdiction would appoint a person specified by SIPC to act as trustee to liquidate the business of the debtor. 15 U.S.C. § 78eee(b)(3). SIPC would advance to the trustee such sums from a fund created by assessments on the members as would be necessary to provide prompt payment of claims of the debtor's customers, up to $50,000. for each customer, of which no more than $20,000. could represent a reimbursement of cash.

In its 1974 opinion (see note 1), the district court held that Attorney Bogutz was entitled to payment of the above-mentioned $3,627.07 in fees and costs, to be assessed against the estate. The reasoning of the district court, concurred in by Bogutz, raises a difficult question of statutory interpretation of the SIPA. Section 6(c)(1) of the Act, 15 U.S.C. § 78fff(c)(1) states:

"Except as inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter and except that in no event shall a plan of reorganization be formulated, a liquidation proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with, and as though it were being conducted under, the provisions of chapter X . . . of the Bankruptcy Act . . . ."

Attorney Bogutz asserts, and the district court held, that this section makes § 243 of Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. § 643, applicable to SIPA proceedings. Section 243 provides:

"The judge may allow reasonable compensation for services rendered and reimbursement for proper costs and expenses incurred by creditors and stockholders, and the attorneys for any of them, in connection with submission by them of suggestions for a plan . . . or in connection with the administration of the estate. In fixing any such allowances, the judge shall give consideration only to the services . . . which were beneficial in the administration of the estate . . ."

We note that § 6(c)(1) does not in express terms incorporate the provisions of Chapter X not inconsistent with the Act, but merely states that the SIPA "liquidation proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with, and as though it were being conducted under, the provisions of chapter X . . . ."⁵ (emphasis supplied). As an aid in determining the significance of this distinction, we look to the legislative history. The most exhaustive discussion of the purposes of § 6(c)(1) to be found in the legislative history is the statement of Senator Bennett, at 116 Cong.Rec. 40905 (December 10, 1970):

"The actual liquidation procedure will be conducted in accordance with, and as though it were being conducted under the provisions of chapter 10 of the Bankruptcy Act, which allows business reorganizations, provided, however, that no plan of reorganization shall be filed. . . . These liquidation procedures have been carefully designed to allow flexibility, to meet the special needs in liquidation of broker/dealers to assure that the customers can receive prompt return of their securities and cash held by such broker/dealers. . . .

"The basic purpose of these procedures is to give the trustee authority to return, as promptly as possible, specifically identifiable property to customers of the broker/dealers, to pay to customers moneys advanced by SIPC which has been left with such broker/dealers and to operate the business of the debtor in order to complete open contractual commitments of the broker/dealer. . . .

. . . . .

"The reorganization procedures of chapter 10 of the Bankruptcy Act were adopted to give the trustee the maximum flexibility in managing the affairs of the broker/dealer pending liquidation. This procedure is necessary to meet the special requirements of this legislation."

Thus, § 6(c) is intended to make the flexible Chapter X procedures available for SIPA liquidations. This does not mean that every provision of Chapter X, including provisions not relating to procedures for the operation of a bankrupt, has been incorporated into the SIPA. Only those provisions relating to the procedures for conducting the affairs of the estate during bankruptcy administration, except as inconsistent with the provision of SIPA, have been incorporated.

Section 243 of Chapter X does not relate to the conduct of the administration or liquidation procedures to be followed, but rather serves to redress the balance of power between insiders and outsiders during a corporate reorganization.⁶ Under the provisions of SIPA the insiders are replaced by the neutral trustee appointed by the court at the request of SIPC, and thus the goal of equalizing the power of the large and small creditors has been met by means other than those embodied in § 243. We note further that Congress has provided for substantial supervision of SIPC's operations by the SEC, "charged with protection of the public interest . . . and for enforcement by that agency in court of the obligations imposed upon the corporation." Securities Investor Protection Corp. v. Barbour, 421 U.S. 412, 420, 95 S.Ct. 1733, 1738, 44 L.Ed.2d 263 (1975). We conclude that § 243 of Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act has not been incorporated in the SIPA by § 6(c).⁷

Attorney Bogutz urges two other grounds as justifying an award of attorney's fees. One is based on his claim that by starting the litigation which presumably will lead to the satisfaction of the Boatland claims, he was effectuating congressional policy and, therefore, he was acting as a "private attorney general." He argues that to ensure such litigation is carried out and congressional policy served, courts must award attorney's fees to the successful litigant, to be paid by the losing party. In light of the Supreme Court's recent decision in Alyeska Pipeline Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975), however, this argument is untenable.⁸ In that case, the Court held that the American rule that each party should bear its own costs controls, except in certain limited situations.⁹ Since the SIPA neither contains nor incorporates any provision allowing the shifting of attorneys' fees, there appears to be no basis other than the "common fund" doctrine on which a court could order the payment of attorney's fees to Attorney Bogutz.

The final ground urged by Bogutz is based on the "common fund" doctrine of Sprague v. Ticonic Bank, 307 U.S. 161, 59 S.Ct. 777, 83 L.Ed. 1184 (1938).¹⁰ He claims that the commencement of the Raizes litigation ultimately resulted in the creation of a fund which will be used to satisfy all the Boatland claimants, and he argues that a portion of this common fund should be awarded to him as attorney's fees so that all the claimants will share in the costs undertaken to produce the benefit. The district court suggested that it might have awarded Bogutz fees on the basis of Sprague had it not found § 243 of Chapter X applicable to actions involving the SIPA, using this language:

"The reasoning of the Sprague decision supports this Court's power to make an allowance to Bogutz for his services and expenses payable out of the distributive share of the Boatland claimants. Since, however, for reasons later to be stated, Bogutz is entitled to be recompensed from estate funds for the benefits he has contributed to it during its administration, and since the award payable from them will fairly compensate him for the efforts which he expended for the benefit of the Boatland claimants, the Court, as a matter of discretion, will not burden their distributive share of the assets with Bogutz

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