Senco of Florida, Inc. v. Clark, 78-444-Orl-Civ-Y.

• Decision Date: 23 March 1979
• Docket Number: No. 78-444-Orl-Civ-Y.,78-444-Orl-Civ-Y.
• Citation: 473 F. Supp. 902
• Parties: SENCO OF FLORIDA, INC., and Robert N. Nichols and Dale R. Nichols, as Trustees of the Profit Sharing Plan for the Employees of Senco of Florida, Inc. and as Members of the Plan Committee of the Profit Sharing Plan for the Employees of Senco of Florida, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Victoria L. CLARK and the Honorable Claude R. Edwards, Circuit Judge, Circuit Court for the County of Orange, State of Florida, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Middle District of Florida

473 F. Supp. 902

SENCO OF FLORIDA, INC., and Robert N. Nichols and Dale R. Nichols, as Trustees of the Profit Sharing Plan for the Employees of Senco of Florida, Inc. and as Members of the Plan Committee of the Profit Sharing Plan for the Employees of Senco of Florida, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Victoria L. CLARK and the Honorable Claude R. Edwards, Circuit Judge, Circuit Court for the County of Orange, State of Florida, Defendants.

No. 78-444-Orl-Civ-Y.

United States District Court, M. D. Florida, Orlando Division.

March 23, 1979.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Carter A. Bradford, Bradford, Tharp & Fletcher, Orlando, Fla., William H. Davis, Giles, Hedrick & Robinson, Orlando, Fla., for plaintiffs.

Emory H. Rosenbluth, Jr., Subin, Shams, Rosenbluth & Moran, Orlando, Fla., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

GEORGE C. YOUNG, Chief Judge.

This cause came before the court for hearing on defendant's motion to consolidate with Case No. 78-593, defendant's motion to dismiss, and cross-motions for summary judgment.

The suit is for declaratory relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 and for a temporary and permanent injunction. This Court has jurisdiction under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2), (3)(e)(1), and (f).

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

The marriage of Victoria L. Clark (defendant) and William G. Clark was dissolved by Final Judgment of Dissolution of Marriage dated July 25, 1977, amended by Amended Final Judgment of Dissolution dated November 30, 1977. In Re: The Marriage of William G. Clark, Husband, and Victoria L. Clark, Wife, Civil Action No. 77-1732 (Fla. 9th Cir. 1977) (hereinafter "In re: Clark"). Victoria Clark has subsequently obtained two judgments from the Ninth Circuit in the amounts of $6,033.14 and $11,998.39 for alimony and child support. Two orders granting writs of garnishment were issued by the same court on December 22, 1977 and February 28, 1978. The writs were directed to plaintiffs, Robert N. Nichols and Dale R. Nichols as trustees of the Profit Sharing Plan administered by Senco of Florida, Inc. (hereinafter "Senco"). Senco is a fiduciary of the Plan as defined by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1001 et seq. (hereinafter "ERISA").

William G. Clark was an employee of Senco for approximately ten years. Upon his voluntary termination on August 12, 1977, William Clark had a vested interest in the Plan of 100% and the value credited to his account as of March 31, 1978, was $26,914.20.

MOTION TO DISMISS

The defendant's motion to dismiss is based on five grounds. First, the defendant asserts that the amended complaint is barred by the Anti-Injunction Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2283. The Anti-Injunction Act provides that a federal court may not grant an injunction to stay proceedings in a state court except when expressly authorized by Congress or "where necessary in aid of its jurisdiction, or to protect or effectuate its judgments." 28 U.S.C. § 2283. Although ERISA does not specifically authorize enjoining a state court proceeding, it does authorize civil actions by participants, beneficiaries, or fiduciaries "to enjoin any act or practice which violates any provision of this subchapter or the terms of the plan . .." 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3). The test to be applied to determine whether Congress expressly authorized an exception to the Anti-Injunction Act is whether Congress has clearly created a federal right or remedy enforceable in a federal court of equity. Mitchum v. Foster, 407 U.S. 225, 92 S.Ct. 2151, 32 L.Ed.2d 705 (1972). The Congressional intent of the ERISA provision on alienation could be frustrated if the federal court were deprived of the power to enjoin proceedings in a state court from garnishing an employee's pension. Cartledge v. Miller, 457 F.Supp. 1146 (S.D.N.Y.1978). Therefore, the only conclusion is that Congress must have intended ERISA to come within the "expressly authorized" exception of the Anti-Injunction Act.

The second ground that defendant raises is that the Amended Complaint fails to state a claim for declaratory relief. The rationale is that the state court can fully adjudicate the controversy. The third ground is related in that defendant argues that the state action has not been fully concluded. Neither of these grounds is a basis for this court to refuse jurisdiction when Congress has granted the federal court exclusive jurisdiction over the controversy. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2), (3). Unlike Wong v. Bacon, 445 F.Supp. 1177 (N.D.Cal. 1977) which was brought by a participant under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B), this case is brought by a fiduciary under § 1132(a)(2), (3). Congress has provided for exclusive jurisdiction for this cause under § 1132(e)(1).

The fourth ground raised on the motion to dismiss is forum non conveniens. Defendant argues that the doctrine should be applied to prevent expensive and duplicitous litigation. The more convenient forum would be the state court. However, since Congress has granted exclusive jurisdiction over an ERISA dispute brought by a fiduciary, the inference can be drawn that Congress intended that the federal forum would be available for such fiduciary to avoid inconsistent interpretations of ERISA. To dismiss for forum non conveniens would defeat this intent.

The final ground raised on the motion to dismiss is res judicata or collateral estoppel. The Honorable Claude R. Edwards, Circuit Judge of the Ninth Judicial Circuit, has entered an order dated November 9, 1978, in which he determined the issue whether the anti-alienation language in ERISA precluded garnishment for support of wife and dependents. In Re: Marriage of William G. Clark, No. 77-1732 (Fla. 9th Cir. 1978). This Order, however, added Senco and the members of the Plan Committee as parties to the suit and granted them leave to show cause why the committee should not terminate William Clark's interest in the plan and apply his benefits or rights to his dependent ex-wife and children. Senco filed a response to the Order to Show Cause, but removed the case to this court before further rulings could be issued. See, In Re: Marriage of William G. Clark, No. 78-593-Orl-Civ (M.D.Fla.1978). Therefore, the order does not appear to be a final judgment for purposes of res judicata or collateral estoppel for two reasons: first, the Order itself anticipates further pleadings, and second, the parties to this suit only became the same parties as those in the state suit after the Order had been issued. Therefore, the motion to dismiss on res judicata or collateral estoppel will be denied.

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

Plaintiff and defendant have filed cross-motions for summary judgment. It appears from the record that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. Rule 56(c), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The legal issue for determination by this Court is whether garnishment for child support or alimony of an employee's benefits in a plan qualified under ERISA is prohibited under federal law. Both ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code provide that such benefits are not alienable or assignable. ERISA, Section 1056(d)(1) provides:

Each pension plan shall provide that benefits provided under the plan may not be assigned or alienated.

The Internal Revenue Code, amended by ERISA, provides in 26 U.S.C. § 401(a)(13):

(13) A trust shall not constitute a qualified trust under this section unless the plan of which such trust is a part provides that benefits provided under the plan may not be assigned or alienated.

These two sections clearly indicate the decision by Congress that qualified pension plans cannot be alienable or assignable. Congress also clearly intended that ERISA should preempt the states in the regulation of these employee benefit plans. 29 U.S.C. § 1144. The Profit Sharing Plan of Senco provides in accordance with the aforesaid requirements:

"Section 7.3. No part of the assets of the Trust shall be used for or diverted to any purpose not for the exclusive benefit of the Participants and their beneficiaries at any time prior to the satisfaction of all rights and liabilities with respect to persons who shall be or have been Participants or beneficiaries hereunder, either by operation or termination of this Plan, by power of revocation or amendment, by the happening of any contingency, collateral agreement or any other means, and no part of the assets of the Trust shall be paid, distributed or made available to the Company at any time."

"Section 9(a). None of the benefits or rights under the Trust, as provided under the Plan, shall be subject in any manner to anticipation, alienation, sale, transfer or assignment, charge, pledge or encumbrance of any kind. Nor shall any such benefits or rights be liable for, or subject to attachment, executions, garnishment, sequestration, or other legal, equitable or other processes, nor shall the same be subject to the debts, obligations, liabilities or torts of the participants or beneficiaries entitled to any such benefits or rights, except as provided under the Plan or under the Trust, or as required by law." (emphasis supplied)

The district courts are divided as to whether there is an implied exception from the anti-assignment or alienation provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code for the support of dependent ex-wife and children. In General Motors Corporation v. Townsend, 468 F.Supp. 466 (E.D.Mich.1976), the district court held that the benefits provided by a retirement program which contained anti-alienation provisions in accordance with ERISA's requirements, 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d), were not subject to garnishment to satisfy a divorce judgment. Several recent district court decisions have reached a contrary result. Cartledge v. Miller, 457 F.Supp. 1146 (S.D.N.Y.1978) held that ERISA's anti-assignment or alienation provisions do not bar the execution of valid state court support orders. The district court gave great weight to the brief submitted as amicus curiae by the Departments of Labor and Treasury as the...