Senn v. Alabama Gas Corp.

• Decision Date: 05 March 1993
• Parties: Frank J. SENN v. ALABAMA GAS CORPORATION a/k/a Alabama Gas Company; and Jeffrey L. Sizemore. 1911171.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

Page 1320

619 So.2d 1320

Frank J. SENN v. ALABAMA GAS CORPORATION a/k/a Alabama Gas Company; and Jeffrey L. Sizemore.

1911171.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

March 5, 1993.

Rehearing Denied May 7, 1993.

Roger S. Morrow and Joel H. Pearson of Morrow, Romine & Pearson, P.C., Montgomery, for appellant.

Robert C. Black of Hill, Hill, Carter, Franco, Cole & Black, Montgomery, for appellees.

HOUSTON, Justice.

The plaintiff, Frank J. Senn, appeals from a judgment entered on a jury's verdict in favor of the defendants, Alabama Gas Corporation a/k/a Alabama Gas Company ("Alabama Gas") and its employee Jeffrey L. Sizemore. We affirm.

Senn, a firefighter and paramedic with the City of Montgomery, was injured on November 22, 1989, when the fire medic truck in which he was a passenger was struck from the rear by an Alabama Gas utility truck being driven by Sizemore. The collision occurred under rainy conditions; the point of impact was on a downhill slope, in a 30-mile-per-hour maximum speed zone. Sizemore, whose truck was towing a lightly loaded utility trailer, had been following the fire medic truck for approximately two blocks. Just before the collision, Sizemore was traveling between 20 and 30 miles per hour and was "at least two car lengths" behind the fire medic truck when he noticed that the driver of the fire medic truck had applied and then released his brakes. Sizemore quickly responded by applying and then releasing his own brakes. Almost immediately thereafter the driver of the fire medic truck again applied his brakes and came to an abrupt stop in order to avoid colliding with the rear-end of a vehicle that had suddenly stopped in front of him. In the process of maneuvering out of the way of the vehicle in front of him, the driver of the fire medic truck ran onto the curb and then back into the street. Recognizing that he, too, had to stop, Sizemore "slammed" on his brakes. Sizemore was unable to stop, however, and his truck skidded into the rear of the fire medic truck. Senn, who was wearing a seat belt at the time of the collision, suffered a broken rib and a head injury.

Senn sued Sizemore, alleging that he had negligently or wantonly caused the accident by driving his truck too fast and by driving too close to the fire medic truck; he sued Alabama Gas, seeking to impose liability on it under the doctrine of respondeat superior. Alabama Gas conceded that Sizemore was working within the line and scope of his employment at the time of the accident and, therefore, that it would be liable if Sizemore was found to be liable. Senn sought to recover punitive damages in connection with the wantonness claim. The trial court directed a verdict for Sizemore and Alabama Gas on Senn's wantonness claim. The negligence claim was submitted to a jury, which found for Sizemore and Alabama Gas. Senn filed a post-trial motion seeking a judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the liability aspect of his negligence claim, and a new trial on the damages aspect of his negligence claim. In the alternative, he sought a new trial on both the liability and the damages aspects of his negligence claim. The trial court denied that motion, and Senn appealed.

The following issues are presented for our review:

1) Whether the trial court erred in refusing to enter a judgment for Senn as a matter of law on the liability aspect of his negligence claim;

2) Whether the trial court erred in refusing to grant Senn a new trial on the ground that the verdict was against the weight or preponderance of the evidence;

3) Whether the trial court erred in directing a verdict for Sizemore and Alabama Gas on Senn's wantonness claim; and

4) Whether the trial court erred in refusing Senn's requested jury charges on the collateral source rule.

Senn argues in connection with the first two issues that the evidence presented no genuine issue of material fact with respect to Sizemore's liability, and, consequently, no such issue with respect to liability on the part of Alabama Gas. Senn maintains that Sizemore, knowing that the road was wet and slick and that he was towing a utility trailer on a downhill slope, violated two well-established rules of the road by driving too fast, in violation of Ala.Code 1975, § 32-5A-170 ("Reasonable and prudent speed"), and by driving too close to the fire medic truck, in violation of Ala.Code 1975, § 32-5A-89 ("Following too closely"). Senn also contends that Sizemore clearly violated an ordinance of the City of Montgomery, § 25-97(a), Montgomery City Code (1980), which prohibits a driver from operating his vehicle in such a careless or negligent manner as to cause or permit it to collide with another vehicle. In the alternative, Senn argues that he was at least entitled to a new trial on his negligence claim because, he says, the jury's verdict was against the weight or preponderance of the evidence.

Section 32-5A-170 provides:

"No person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having regard to the actual and potential hazards then existing. Consistent with the foregoing, every person shall drive at a safe and appropriate speed when approaching and crossing an intersection or railroad grade crossing, when approaching and going around a curve, when approaching a hill crest, when traveling upon any narrow or winding roadway, and when special hazards exist with respect to pedestrians or other traffic or by reason of weather or highway conditions."

Section 32-5A-89 states in pertinent part:

"(a) The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicles and the traffic upon and the condition of the highway. Except when overtaking and passing another vehicle, the driver of a vehicle shall leave a distance of at least 20 feet for each 10 miles per hour of speed between the vehicle that he is driving and the vehicle that he is following."

Both of these sections, as well as the city ordinance relied on by Senn, essentially codified the common law requiring a person to exercise reasonable care in operating a motor vehicle. Whether a person involved in an accident acted reasonably in operating his motor vehicle depends on all of the circumstances surrounding the accident; the question is ordinarily one for the jury. See Wayland Distributing Co. v. Gay, 287 Ala. 446, 252 So.2d 414 (1971); Horton v. Mobile Cab & Baggage Co., 281 Ala. 35, 198 So.2d 619 (1967) (both cases involving the construction of Title 36, § 5, Code of Ala.1940, the predecessor to § 32-5A-170); see, also, Couch v. Donahue, 259 F.2d 325 (5th Cir.1958) (construing Title 36, § 15, the predecessor to § 32-5A-89). These cases decided under prior Alabama law merely reflect the well-settled rule that questions of negligence are for the jury where reasonable people could draw different inferences from the evidence. See, e.g., Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Co. v. Spicer, 206 Ala. 141, 89 So. 293 (1921).

It is equally well settled that a jury verdict is presumed correct and that the presumption of correctness is strengthened where, as here, the trial court denied a motion for a new trial. We are not at liberty to vacate a jury's verdict merely because it does not conform to our personal views of the evidence. Locklear v. Nash, 275 Ala. 95, 152 So.2d 421 (1963). A decision of the trial court denying a new trial on the ground that the verdict is contrary to the weight or preponderance of the evidence will not be reversed unless, after allowing all reasonable presumptions as to the verdict's correctness, the preponderance of the evidence against the verdict is so decided as to clearly convince the appellate court that it is wrong and unjust. A ruling on a motion for a new trial is within the sound discretion of the trial court and should not be disturbed on appeal unless some legal right was abused and the record plainly and palpably shows that the trial court erred. Trans-South-Rent-A-Car, Inc. v. Wein, 378 So.2d 725 (Ala.1979).

After carefully reviewing the record, we hold that the negligence claim was properly submitted to the jury. Furthermore, we cannot say that the verdict was against the weight or preponderance of the evidence. The evidence showed that Sizemore was not exceeding the speed limit at the time of the collision. The evidence also showed that the utility trailer Sizemore was towing was not heavily loaded and that Sizemore was traveling "at least two car lengths" behind the fire medic truck when it suddenly stopped. The jury heard all of the evidence pertaining to the weather conditions; the condition of the road; the relative speed at which both vehicles were traveling; and the distance between Sizemore's truck and the fire medic truck. The jury was instructed on the proof necessary to sustain a negligence claim, and it was apprised of the pertinent rules of the road. Simply put, the evidence presented a jury question as to whether Sizemore was negligently operating his truck, and the jury resolved that question in favor of Sizemore and Alabama Gas.

We note Senn's reliance on Glanton v. Huff, 404 So.2d 11 (Ala.1981); and Gribble v. Cox, 349 So.2d 1141 (Ala.1977). Those cases, however, are not controlling here. The facts surrounding the collision in Gribble were not reported in detail. This Court did note in that case, however, that the defendants failed to present any evidence tending to show that Cox, the defendant driver, had an "excuse" for allowing his vehicle to strike the Gribbles' vehicle from behind as it sat motionless at an intersection. This Court was justified, therefore, in holding that the verdict for the defendants in that case was due to be set aside on the ground that it was against the weight or preponderance of the evidence. In Glanton, the defendant's vehicle also struck the plaintiff's vehicle from behind as it sat motionless at an intersection. The evidence showed that it was...