Shaddix v. National Surety Co.

• Court: Alabama Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: FOSTER, J.
• Citation: Shaddix v. National Surety Co., 221 Ala. 268, 128 So. 220 (Ala. 1930)
• Decision Date: 27 March 1930
• Docket Number: 7 Div. 917.
• Parties: SHADDIX ET AL. v. NATIONAL SURETY CO.

128 So. 220

221 Ala. 268

SHADDIX ET AL. v. NATIONAL SURETY CO.

7 Div. 917.

Supreme Court of Alabama

March 27, 1930

Rehearing Denied May 22, 1930.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Clay County; W. B. Merrill, Judge.

Bill by the National Surety Company against Mrs. M. E. Shaddix, C. M Pruett, C. S. Phillips, W. D. Mayo, and others, to enforce a lien upon property owned by M. P. Shaddix while tax collector of Clay county. From a decree for complainant, the named respondents appeal.

Reversed and remanded.

Pruet &amp Glass and A. L. Crumpton, all of Ashland, for appellants.

Hardegree & Cockrell, of Ashland, and Ball & Ball, of Montgomery, for appellee.

FOSTER J.

On October 21, 1921, M. P. Shaddix began his term of office as tax collector of Clay county, and continued as such until he died October 2, 1924. Appellee was the only surety on his official bond. In June, 1923, an examination of his accounts for the tax year beginning October 1, 1921, was made by a state examiner, with a small balance due him upon an adjustment of some unsettled amounts. The next examination was finished in October, 1924, after his death, and related to his accounts beginning October 1, 1922, and extending to the date of his death. This embraced two tax years. Pursuant to said report appellee made payments as follows:

To the county ......... $2,228 74

To the state .............. 74 92

To the tax assessor ...... 193 21

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$2,496.87.

The bill in this case was then filed by appellee to enforce its claim of subrogation to the lien of the state and county upon certain property of Shaddix. Appellants claim that their rights in such property are of a superior nature to that of the state and county to which appellee seeks subrogation. The decree was in favor of appellee, establishing its right of subrogation to all the property involved, and as superior to the claims of all the respondents.

We will treat the questions which are argued by appellants in brief. It is claimed that in September, 1923, the First National Bank of Ashland loaned Shaddix $3,000 on personal security. At that time he stated to the president of the bank that he was short to that extent. The bank was county depositary, and the money was placed to his credit in it as other public funds. He repaid to the bank $1,000 of this amount prior to his death. After his death, his widow paid the balance of $2,000 out of her insurance money. She claims a lien superior to that of appellee, due to a claim of subrogation to that extent to the lien of the state and county. The debt was not secured by a mortgage.

It may be quite true, as argued for the widow, that if there is a lien on the homestead of her deceased husband, and she pays it to protect her homestead rights, she is thereby subrogated to the rights of the lienor, as against others having claims against it, when subrogation is necessary to that end. 25 R. C. L. 1346. But when the widow paid the $2,000 to the First National Bank, the latter had no such lien. Not being so situated that it had any subsisting interest to protect, the nature of subrogation, if it exists, is such as results from an agreement express or implied, called "conventional subrogation." Sheldon on Subrogation, §§ 247, 248. It is necessary that the parties expressly agreed that the lender should be subrogated, or that under the circumstances it appears to have been contemplated by the parties. Sheldon on Subrogation, § 247; 25 R. C. L. 1337; 37 Cyc. 468. When there is such agreement, express or implied, it is not necessary that one shall have a previous interest, for if at the instance of the debtor he advances money for the payment of an existing lien, and he sees to it that the money is so used, he is not in any true sense a volunteer or stranger, and is entitled to subrogation, if such is shown to have been the contemplation of the parties. Arnett v. Willoughby, 190 Ala. 530, 67 So. 426; 3 Pom. Eq. § 212.

There is authority for the conclusion, that if the lender relies upon other security, he is presumed not to expect or to be entitled to subrogation. 37 Cyc. 470.

The bank in making the loan to Shaddix took as security the personal obligation of about eighteen (18) persons as sureties. There is no evidence that a lien was mentioned in any respect, and no effort was made to create one for the security of the bank.

Our conclusion is that these facts do not justify a reasonable inference that a lien was contemplated, in favor of the bank, as security for the loan.

Upon well established principles the widow could acquire no right of subrogation by paying a debt to the bank, when the bank had no lien or claim to which she could be subrogated.

On July 29, 1924, Shaddix borrowed $1,000 from appellants, Pruett and Phillips, for the purpose of meeting his shortage of county funds, and it was paid to the county depositary. The report of the public examiner shows that on July 31st, something more than $1,000 was credited to the collector by the county treasurer. On July 29th he executed a note and mortgage to Pruett and Phillips on land otherwise free of incumbrance, except the lien created by law by virtue of his office. The land had been acquired in January, 1924. Pruett and Phillips claim that they thereby became subrogated to the lien of the county to that extent, and that appellee's claim of subrogation is subordinate to theirs.

It is very well settled that if the money was advanced for the purpose of discharging a lien, and was used to do so, and that they were to have security on the land, they would be subrogated to the rights of the lienor. Under such circumstances, they would not be volunteers, and their rights would be superior to all those inferior to the lien which they paid. Shields v. Pepper, 218 Ala. 379, 118 So. 549; Woodruff v. Satterfield, 199 Ala. 477, 74 So. 948; Corinth State Bank v. First National Bank, 217 Ala. 632, 117 So. 216.

In order that they may be held to acquire such right, the evidence must show that the money was advanced by one who had, or took, or contemplated, that he would acquire an interest, and that it was agreed that it should satisfy the prior lien, and lender applied, or caused it to be applied, in that manner. Pruett and Phillips, by their mortgage, acquired an interest sufficient to justify subrogation, if the other elements are found to exist. We have noted that, at the time of this transaction, he had not been reported by a public examiner to be short in his accounts, though they were then examining his books. In October, afterwards, they filed their report showing that after his credit on July 31st, of something more than $1,000, he was short to the county over $2,000. The president of the bank which was the county depositary testified that he was short. He was in position as such to know, and it was his duty to inform himself. He does not undertake to say to what extent the collector was short. It was the duty of the collector, on the 1st and 15th of November, and each month thereafter, to make a verified statement of what he owed the county and state for taxes, and pay the same to each, and on or before July 1st, to make final settlement with them both. Sections 3085-3088, Code. The time for final settlement had passed; the examiners were at work on his books. He stated to Pruett that he was short, and borrowed the sum of $1,000 from Pruett and Phillips to pay the county, on account of such shortage. This statement was made at the time the loan was negotiated. All of this clearly shows that he was in default to the county, in an amount equal to the sum Pruett and Phillips advanced him to pay the county, plus the sum which appellee later paid the county; that the total sum is the amount of his shortage on July 29, 1924. It is not necessary that the county have a judgment for the amount of the shortage in order to establish its lien, or that the right of subrogation may be accomplished. Schuessler v. Dudley, 80 Ala. 547, 2 So. 526, 60 Am. Rep. 124; Knighton v. Curry, 62 Ala. 404; Dallas County v. Timberlake, 54 Ala. 403.

Pruett and Phillips were under no obligation to pay any of the shortage. They knew of none, so far as the evidence shows, except the $1,000 they loaned to the collector, and, as we have shown, made this loan upon the security of a mortgage on land on which the county had a lien to secure its payment. To the extent of the amount of the shortage, which Pruett and Phillips paid, appellee was discharged. The right of appellee to a subrogation to the lien of the county was to that extent diminished. He could not, in equity, obtain the benefit of such payment by diminishing his liability, and also have the benefit of a lien on the same land to the extent of the amount so used and applied for his relief. If they had bought the land from Shaddix at a fair price, and paid the full amount of the consideration on the shortgage, appellee could not complain in equity.

But Pruett and Phillips, it is said, did not pay all the shortage, though they appear to have paid all of which they had knowledge. It is also said that their right of subrogation is dependent upon full payment. This is usually true for the reason that otherwise they would share ratably with the county and state in the enforcement of their securities, and such right is not an incident of subrogation. Fender v. Fender, 30 Ga.App. 319, 117 S.E. 676; 25 R. C. L. 1318 et seq.; Knafft v. Knoxville B. & T. Co., 133 Tenn. 655, 182 S.W. 232, Ann. Cas. 1917C, 1181; National Bank of Commerce v. Rockefeller (C. C. A.) 174 F. 22; United States F. & G. Co. v. Union Bank (C. C. A.) 228 F. 448; Richeson v. National Bank, 96 Ark. 594, 132 S.W. 913; note, Ann. Cas. 1917C, 1183 et seq.

Nevertheless when only a part of the debt has been thus...