Sharp's Estate, In re

Decision Date07 May 1974
Docket NumberNo. 132,132
Citation63 Wis.2d 254,217 N.W.2d 258
PartiesIn re ESTATE of Robert G. SHARP, Deceased. Robert H. FLATLEY et al., Appellants, v. STATE of Wisconsin, Respondent.
CourtWisconsin Supreme Court

Everson, Whitney, O'Melia, Everson & Brehm, Green Bay, for appellants; John C. Whitney, Green Bay, of counsel.

Robert W. Warren, Atty. Gen., Lowell E. Nass, Asst. Atty. Gen., Madison, for respondent.

HANLEY, Justice.

The briefs of the parties raised numerous issues on appeal. The court, however will confine ourselves to the following which we deem controlling:

1. Whether the Attorney General had the right to intervene in this estate proceeding.

2. Whether the judgment of the court vacating its orders entered on Setpember 28, 1967 and December 28, 1967 approving the accounts of the trustees for the years ending 8--31--64, 8--31--65, 8--31--66 and 8--31--67 and removing the appellant as trustee thereof are void for want of subject matter jurisdiction.

Right of the Attorney General to Notice of and Intervention in Estate Proceeding.

Wisconsin, unlike numerous states, has specifically circumscribed the powers and duties of the office of the Attorney General. Art. VI, Sec. 3 of the Wisconsin Constitution limits those powers and duties to those 'prescribed by law.' This constitutional principle has been interpreted by the courts in numerous decisions as removing from the office of the Attorney General any powers and duties which were found in that office under common law. State ex rel. Beck v. Duffy (1968), 38 Wis.2d 159, 163, 156 N.W.2d 368; State ex rel. Jackson v. Coffey (1963), 18 Wis.2d 529, 118 N.W.2d 939; State v. Snyder (1920), 172 Wis. 415, 179 N.W. 579. The Attorney General is devoid of the inherent power to initiate and prosecute litigation intended to protect or promote the interests of the state or its citizens and cannot act for the state as parens patriae. See generally Christenson, The State Attorney General, 1970 Wis.L.Rev. 298. Such power must be specifically granted by the legislature. Unless the power to prosecute a specific action is granted by law, 2 the office of the Attorney General is powerless to act.

The Attorney General contends that the right to notice of and intervention in estate proceedings involving a public charitable trust finds its basis in the statutes, namely Secs. 231.34, 317.06 and 324.18(1)(b), Stats. (1967). Such, however, is not the case.

Initially, the Attorney General's reliance on Sec. 231.34, Stats. (1967) is unavailing. Sec. 231.34, Stats. (1967) merely imbues the office of the Attorney General to enforce public charitable trusts.

'231.34 Enforcement of public trust. (1) An action may be brought by the attorney-general in the name of the state, upon his own information or upon the complaint of any interested party for the enforcement of a public charitable trust.

'(2) Such action may be brought in the name of the state by any 10 or more interested parties on their own complaint, when the attorney-general refuses to act.

'(3) The term 'interested party' herein shall comprise a donor to the trust or a member of prospective member of the class for the benefit of which the trust was established.'

See generally, Bogert, Trusts 2nd ed., Sec. 411. The power to enforce a public trust is not, however, so broad as to permit the Attorney General to intervene in estate proceedings. While the powers of the Attorney General under Sec. 231.34, Stats. (1967), are broad enough to include actions or proceedings involving the invalidation, termination, administration or enforcement of the terms of a public charitable trust after its creation, 3 said actions or proceedings do not involve intervention in the estate proceedings of the settlor of said public charitable trust.

Similarly, Sec. 317.06(4), Stats. (1967), fails to imbue the Attorney General with the power to intervene in or have notice of estate proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved. Sec. 317.06(1), Stats. (1967) required that every trustee of a charitable trust account yearly to the court having jurisdiction thereof. Sec. 317.06(4), Stats. (1967) merely required that such an accounting would not be final except upon notice to the Attorney General.

'(4) No action of the court upon such account shall be final except it be upon notice mailed to the attorney general and published under s. 324.20.'

This subsection was created under this court's rule making power, Sup.Ct.Order 271 Wis. xi 4 and is inapplicable to estate proceedings.

Finally, Sec. 324.18(1)(b), Stats. (1967) which provides for notice to the Attorney General in all hearings or proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved

'(b) Notice of all hearings or proceedings where a public charitable trust is involved shall be mailed to the attorney general at least 20 days before the hearing or proceeding.'

fails to create a power or duty in the office of the Attorney General to intervene in or right to notice of estate proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved. Sec. 324.18(1)(b), Stats. (1967), was promulgated pursuant to the Supreme Court's rule making power, Sec. 251.18, Stats., in 1956, Sup.Ct.Order, 271 Wis. xi, in order to simplify the procedure and promote the speedy determination of litigation in the courts of Wisconsin. The purpose of said Supreme Court Order was not to create a right or power in the office of the Attorney General to intervene in or notice to all hearings or proceedings where a public charitable trust is involved. Such an action is without the power of the Supreme Court, Sec. 251.18, Stats. Only the legislature may create or limit the non-constitutionally created powers and duties of the Attorney General.

It is clear then that the Wisconsin legislature has not granted to the Attorney General the power to intervene in estate proceedings, 5 there being no statutory enactment to that effect. Similarly it is clear that the Attorney General is not, as it contends, an interested party who, in absence of statutory notice, is not bound by the judgment of the probate court.

'The main objective of probate proceeding is the orderly distribution of the property of deceased persons. The court of the domicile of the deceased has jurisdiction over the property within its territorial jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the court in probate is in rem. As such, the judgment binds all persons having a property interest when statutory notice requirements have been complied with.' Estate of Hatzl (1964), 24 Wis.2d 64, 67--68, 127 N.W.2d 782, 784. See also Estate of Evans (1957), 274 Wis. 459, 471a, 80 N.W.2d 408, 81 N.W.2d 489.

Since the Attorney General, as the representative of the state, is not party interested in the estate proceedings then notice to him was not necessary and the proceedings are res adjudicata as to him. Estate of Hatzl, supra; Estate of Evans, supra; Estate of Steuber (1955), 270 Wis. 426, 71 N.W.2d 272; Sec. 324.18, Stats. (1967).

Since in the opinion of the court, the Attorney General is not a person interested in the estate proceeding, and since there being no averments of fraud, 6 nor a motion under Sec. 269.46, Stats. 7 by a party interested in the estate, the judgment of the court entered on February 27, 1967 approving the co-executors' accounts, distributing the property of the estate to Robert C. Smith and Robert H. Flatley as co-executors must be affirmed. The judgment of the trial court entered on December 11, 1970 modifying the judgment of the court entered on February 27, 1967 is void for want of jurisdiction.

Accounting

On September 30, 1970 Judge McHenry likewise modified the orders of the court which had been entered on September 8, 1967 and December 28, 1967 approving the trustees' final accounts for the years 1964--66 and 1967 respectively. Such action by the court was likewise in error and must be reversed.

The trustees herein complied with Sec. 317.06, Stats. (1967) which required them to account to the court having jurisdiction thereof. 8 The yearly trustees' accounts were filed with the court and, after notice to the Attorney General, a hearing was held. At said hearings the trustees appeared personally and the Attorney General appeared for the state. The Attorney General objected to said trustees' accounts--especially to the trustees' fees charged--and the objections were overruled by the court. Final orders 9 were then entered approving the trustees' accounts for the periods therein included.

After the final orders overruling their objections and approving the trustees' accounts for the years 1964--66 and 1967 respectively, the Attorney General failed to prosecute an appeal pursuant to Sec. 274.09, Stats. Rather the Attorney General, knowing of the imminent retirement of Judge Kehoe, did nothing until after said retirement. The Attorney General then applied to the court pursuant to Sec. 269.46, Stats. to be relieved of said orders previously obtained against him. Absent however from said affidavit and motion were any allegations of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect.

On February 21, 1968 Judge Nier ordered the co-trustees to show cause why the orders of the court entered on September 8, 1967 and December 28, 1967 should not be vacated. Judge Neir additionally ordered:

'That the final judgment and orders referred to above in numbered paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 be and hereby are vacated pending further order of this court and hearing on this order.'

The trial court took no further action until September 30, 1970--more than 34 months after the original order--when Judge McHenry modified the previous orders of that court.

Initially, it is obvious that the trial court erred in relieving the Attorney General from an order in absence of an affidavit and motion alleging mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect. The power to grant relief from such a final order more than sixty days after the end of the term of the court at...

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1 books & journal articles
  • Credit Reform and the States: The Vital Role of Attorneys General After Dodd-Frank
    • United States
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    ...held by the state’s attorneys that the legislature has transferred to that office by way of legislation.”); In re Estate of Sharp, 217 N.W.2d 258, 262 (Wis. 1974). 201. See Widman, supra note 4, at 195 n.156 . But see N AT ’L ASS’N OF ATTORNEYS GEN., THE OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL 55 (1971)......

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