Sheldrake's Estate, In re
| Decision Date | 16 March 1965 |
| Citation | 207 A.2d 802,416 Pa. 551 |
| Parties | In re ESTATE of Charles K. SHELDRAKE, Deceased. Appeal of John K. SHELDRAKE. |
| Court | Pennsylvania Supreme Court |
Melvin G. Levy, Stanley R. Kotzen, Chester, for appellant, McClenachan, Blumberg & Levy, Chester, of counsel.
Lewis B. Beatty, Jr., Robert W. Beatty, Butler, Beatty, Greer & Johnson, Media, for appellee.
Before BELL, C. J., and MUSMANNO, JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN and ROBERTS, JJ.
Charles K. Sheldrake died testate November 8, 1959, possessed of an estate of over a million dollars. His will, dated August 14, 1959, was probated November 17, 1959. Testator created a trust which provided, inter alia, for a specific percentage of the net income to be paid to his widow, a specific percentage to his son and a specific percentage to his brother. Sheldrake's widow elected to take against the will, thereby raising the question of who should receive the share of the trust income which has been willed to her.
Althoug the decedent died in November, 1959, no account had been filed by the executors prior to January 16, 1963. 1
On January 16, 1963, the executors filed a petition for a declaratory judgment asking the Court to decide the percentage of income which was payable to decedent's son and the percentage which was payable to decedent's brother. An answer was filed and the parties entered into a stipulation of facts. After a hearing, Judge van Roden filed on July 6, 1964, an Opinion and a Decree dated July 2, 1964, resolving these questions of income distribution. From this (so-called) Decree an appeal was taken by decedent's brother.
There was no justification for a declaratory judgment proceeding and the Decree must be vacated.
In Mohney's Estate, 416 Pa. 107, 204 A.2d 916, the Court said (pages 109-110):
'Why declaratory proceedings were brought instead of the customary and appropriate way of filing an account and presenting the questions at the Audit of decedent's account, was not disclosed. * * * '(1) While the grant of a petition for a declaratory judgment is a matter of sound judicial discretion:
"This Court now adheres to the view that declaratory judgment proceedings must not be entertained if there exists another available and appropriate remedy, whether statutory or not: McWilliams v. McCabe, 406 Pa. 644, 179 A.2d 222; State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Semple, 407 Pa. 572, 180 A.2d 925.' Lakeland Joint School District Authority v. Scott Township School District, 414 Pa. 451, 200 A.2d 748.
'In State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Semple, 407 Pa., supra, the Court said (pages 574-575, 180 A.2d page 927): 'The principles to guide the lower courts in determining whether or not a declaratory judgment proceeding should be entertained was recently clarified by this Court in McWilliams v. McCabe, 406 Pa. 644, 179 A.2d 222 (1962). Therein we declared, inter alia, (1) that a declaratory judgment proceeding is not an optional substitute for established and available remedies; (2) that it should not be granted where a more appropriate remedy is available; 2 (3) that it should not be granted unless compelling and unusual circumstances exist; (4) that it should not be granted where there is a dispute of facts, or such controversy may arise; and (5) that it should not be granted unless there is a clear manifestation that the declaration sought will be a practical help in terminating the controversy.''
To allow a declaratory judgment proceeding in such a case where a long established and adequate remedy is not only available but also more appropriate would create doubt, uncertainty and possible confusion in Orphans' Court proceedings and is without any justification.
Decree vacated and petition dismissed without prejudice to present these questions at an audit of the Executors' account; each party to pay own costs.
While I agree thoroughly with the views expressed in the excellent dissenting opinion of Mr. Justice ROBERTS, I must concur in the result reached in the majority opinion. The reason for my concurrence in the instant case is that a statutory remedy exists to determine the present controversy: under such circumstances declaratory judgment should not have been entertained.
This suit was begun under the provisions of the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. 1 That eminently important fact which means that we are dealing with statutory interpretation, is not reflected in the majority result. Sight of that fact also seems to have been lost in a growing number of similar cases as well.
There is no special statutory remedy applicable in this case, and in the absence of such a remedy 2 I can see no reason why a declaratory judgment is not permissible and appropriate; there is manifest statutory authority for its use. It is difficult to conceive of clearer legislative language to embody the evidence intent of the statute: to broaden the availability of declaratory judgments and to thereby provide an alternative, not an extraordinary, remedy. 3 It is equally difficult to discover any line of decisions which renders an obvious and legitimate legislative intendment more nugatory than this Court's recent decisions dealing with the availability of declaratory judgments. See generally Note, 'Section 6 of Pennsylvania's Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act,' 24 U.Pitt.L.Rev. 793 (1963).
The majority holds that a declaratory judgment proceeding is not an optional substitute for established remedies and that it may not be utilized where 'a more appropriate remedy' is available. My fundamental objection to this conception of the remedy is that it flies squarely in the face of the statute's intent and language. 4 Section 6 expressly provides: 'the mere fact that an actual or threatened controversy is susceptible of relief through a general common law remedy, or an equitable remedy, or an extraordinary legal remedy, whether such remedy is recognized or regulated by statute or not, shall not debar a party from the privilege of obtaining a declaratory judgment or decree in any case where the other essentials to such relief are present * * *.' 5
A declaratory judgment proceeding is so useful a tool and the Legislature has so patently fostered its use, that I greatly regret the majority's opinion proceeding as though the statute never existed. The time has long since past when this legislatively created, helpful and sound method of adjudication should be fully utilized. 6
1 The executors filed an account in November, 1963.
2 Italics, ours.
1 At the time the suit was begun, the pertinent statute was Act of June 18, 1923, P.L. 840, Act of April 25, 1935, P.L. 72, and Act of May 26, 1943, P.L. 645, 12 P.S. §§ 831-846.
Section 6 provided:
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