Sherard v. State

• Decision Date: 14 March 2022
• Docket Number: S-21-0168
• Citation: 2022 WY 37
• Court: Wyoming Supreme Court
• Parties: DANA LEE SHERARD, Appellant (Defendant), v. THE STATE OF WYOMING, Appellee (Plaintiff).

2022 WY 37

DANA LEE SHERARD, Appellant (Defendant), v. THE STATE OF WYOMING, Appellee (Plaintiff).

No. S-21-0168

Supreme Court of Wyoming

March 14, 2022

Appeal from the District Court of Converse County The Honorable F Scott Peasley, Judge

Representing Appellant: Office of the State Public Defender Diane Lozano, Wyoming State Public Defender; Kirk A. Morgan Chief Appellate Counsel.

Representing Appellee: Bridget Hill, Wyoming Attorney General; Jenny L. Craig, Deputy Attorney General; Joshua C. Eames, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Donovan Burton, Assistant Attorney General.

Before FOX, C.J., and DAVIS ^[*] , KAUTZ, BOOMGAARDEN, and GRAY, JJ.

GRAY Justice.

[¶1] Dana Sherard appeals from the district court's denial of his motion for sentence reduction pursuant to W.R.Cr.P. 35(b). The district court held that because Mr. Sherard failed to file his motion within one year after he was sentenced, as required by the rule, it lacked jurisdiction over Mr. Sherard's motion. Mr. Sherard claims a letter written to the court by the Wyoming Department of Corrections requesting an extension of time for Mr. Sherard to file his Rule 35(b) motion qualified as a timely motion for an extension, and the district court was required to rule on that request before considering his motion for reduction of sentence. We affirm.

ISSUE

[¶2] Did the district court have jurisdiction to decide Mr. Sherard's motion for sentence reduction?

FACTS

[¶3] On the night of January 19, 2018, two minor females, GAV and MKS, visited a home in Converse County, Wyoming, where 20-year-old Mr. Sherard was staying.^[1] Mr. Sherard offered the girls methamphetamine which they accepted and used. Some time that night, Mr. Sherard gave each of the girls a tattoo. The State filed an information charging Mr. Sherard with two separate violations-one violation per girl-for three separate criminal acts: Child Endangerment in violation of Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6-4-405(a)(i); Tattooing a Minor in violation of Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-3-107; and Delivery of Methamphetamine to a Juvenile in violation of Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 35-7-1036. On May 24, 2018, pursuant to a plea agreement, Mr. Sherard entered a guilty plea to the three counts associated with GAV and the remaining charges were dismissed. The district court sentenced Mr. Sherard to concurrent prison sentences of three to five years for Child Endangerment, ten to twenty years for Delivery of Methamphetamine to a Juvenile, and six months in the Converse County Detention Facility for the Tattooing of a Minor, with credit for 271 days served. The prison sentences were suspended, and Mr. Sherard was placed on probation for a period of five to seven years on the condition that he complete the Adult Community Corrections (ACC) program, an anger management program, a cognitive behavior program, 200 hours of community service, and refrain from the possession of alcohol or illegal drugs. In late June 2019, Mr. Sherard entered the ACC program.

[¶4] On December 19, 2019, the district court revoked Mr. Sherard's probation after he was removed from the ACC program because he twice tested positive for drugs. At the revocation hearing, the district court stated:

Well, Mr. Sherard, I will tell you it is unfortunate that we're here. As you may recall, when the Court pronounced its sentence some time ago, the Court was frankly reluctant to give you an opportunity on probation considering the nature of what you were convicted of. But we gave you a chance and, unfortunately, here we are. Given your age and the circumstances here, I'm going to provide a recommendation for boot camp.^[[2]

So it will be the order of the Court that your probation will be revoked and you will be remanded to the custody of the sheriff of Converse County, there to be delivered to an institution under the direction and supervision of the Department of Corrections, there to serve the sentence originally imposed and with a recommendation for boot camp.

If you successfully complete boot camp, the Court will consider and likely grant a reduction in your sentence to time served coupled with a probationary term.

[¶5] Mr. Sherard's original sentence was reinstated, and he went to boot camp. While there, he asked the Department of Corrections to postpone the completion of his program because of issues with another inmate. His request was granted, and on October 28, 2020, Mr. Ed Beason, a casework specialist for the Wyoming Boot Camp program with the approval of the program manager, wrote a letter to the district court judge. In relevant part, the letter read:

Mr. Sherard came into the boot camp program on 01/23/2020. On 04/16/2020 another inmate entered the program. Mr. Sherard knew the circumstances of the other inmate's crime as he was friends with the victim. Mr. Sherard tried to maintain emotionally, but after a while he felt like he could not maintain behaviorally. Instead of jeopardizing his program or the other inmate's program he approached staff with the issue. It was decided to allow Mr. Sherard to leave the program until the individual who he had the conflict with either graduated or left the program. At this point he will be able to come back to the program on 01/02/2021. This will place his expected graduation date [at] May, 2021.

At this time we would like . . . the courts to please consider an extension of the time frames for sentence modification. This request is based on the fact Inmate Sherard made the appropriate decision to reflect on his issues with the other offender, and not get into a physical altercation or attempt to sabotage the program.

Copies of this letter were mailed to Mr. Sherard's former defense attorney and the county attorney.

[¶6] On April 19, 2021, the Department of Corrections sent a boot camp report to the district court. The report detailed Mr. Sherard's progress in the program after his January 2021 return. It concluded, "Mr. Sherard is currently on the right track to successfully complete the [Wyoming Boot Camp ] program" and he is expected to graduate on June 1, 2021.

[¶7] On May 20, 2021, Mr. Sherard filed a motion for sentence reduction asking the district court to reduce his sentence. He requested a credit for 518 days served and that the remainder of his sentence be suspended. He attached the October 2020 letter from the Department of Corrections to his motion. The State objected, asserting the motion was untimely under W.R.Cr.P. 35(b) which requires a motion for sentence reduction to be filed within one year after the sentence is imposed. The May 20, 2021 motion was filed more than one year after the entry of Mr. Sherard's December 19, 2019 probation revocation sentence. The district court denied the motion finding it untimely and, as a result, the court was deprived of jurisdiction. The district court also ruled the matter was barred by res judicata. Mr. Sherard filed a timely appeal.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

[¶8] "Subject matter jurisdiction is the power to hear and determine cases of the general class to which the proceedings in question belong." Barela v. State, 2017 WY 66, ¶ 5, 395 P.3d 665, 668 (Wyo. 2017) (quoting Messer v. State, 2004 WY 98, ¶ 13, 96 P.3d 12, 17 (Wyo. 2004)).

It is fundamental, if not axiomatic, that, before a court can render any decision or order having any effect in any case or matter, it must have subject matter jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is essential to the exercise of judicial power. Unless the court has jurisdiction, it lacks any authority to proceed, and any decision, judgment, or other order is, as a matter of law, utterly void and of no effect for any purpose. Subject matter jurisdiction, like jurisdiction over the person, is not a subject of judicial discretion. There is a difference, however, because the lack of jurisdiction over the person can be waived, but lack of subject matter jurisdiction cannot be. Subject matter jurisdiction either exists or it does not and, before proceeding to a disposition on the merits, a court should be satisfied that it does have the requisite jurisdiction.

Id. (quoting Messer, ¶ 13, 96 P.3d at 17).

[¶9] "Because the failure to file a timely Rule 35(b) motion for sentence reduction deprives a district court of jurisdiction to consider it, we review the question of its timeliness de novo." Mitchell v. State, 2020 WY 131, ¶¶ 1-13, 473 P.3d 1255, 1256-59 (Wyo. 2020) (citing Shue v. State, 2016 WY 15, ¶¶ 6, 8, 367 P.3d 645, 647 (Wyo. 2016)).

ANALYSIS

[¶10] Our rule governing motions for sentence reduction states in relevant part:

A motion to reduce a sentence may be made . . . within one year after the sentence is imposed or probation is revoked or within one year after receipt by the court of a mandate issued upon affirmance of the judgment or dismissal of the appeal . . . . The court shall determine the motion within a reasonable time. Changing a sentence from a sentence of incarceration to a grant of probation shall constitute a permissible reduction of sentence under this subdivision. The court may determine the motion with or without a hearing.

W.R.Cr.P. 35(b). "[I]f a motion to reduce sentence is filed outside of the prescribed time limits, the district court is deprived of jurisdiction[.]" Alford v. State, 2017 WY 105, ¶ 10, 401 P.3d 902, 904 (Wyo. 2017) (quoting Hitz v. State, 2014 WY 58, ¶ 11, 323 P.3d 1104, 1106 (Wyo. 2014) (quoting Tomlin v. State, 2001 WY 121, ¶ 6, 35 P.3d 1255, 1256 (Wyo. 2001))).

[¶11] The time limitation contained in W.R.Cr.P. 35(b) may be extended under specific circumstances as provided in W.R.Cr.P. 45:

(b) Enlargement. - When an act is required or allowed to be done at or within a specified time, the court for cause shown, may at any time in its discretion:

(1) With or without motion or notice, order the period

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