Sherrod v. City of Detroit

• Decision Date: 05 April 2001
• Docket Number: Docket No. 215243.
• Citation: 625 N.W.2d 437,244 Mich. App. 516
• Parties: Clyde SHERROD, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CITY OF DETROIT and Isaiah McKinnon, Defendants-Appellants.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

625 N.W.2d 437

244 Mich. App. 516

Clyde SHERROD, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CITY OF DETROIT and Isaiah McKinnon, Defendants-Appellants.

Docket No. 215243.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted November 7, 2000, at Detroit.

Decided February 2, 2001, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication April 5, 2001.

Amos E. Williams, Detroit, for the plaintiff.

Miller, Canfield, Paddock and Stone, P.L.C. (by John H. Willems), Detroit, for the defendants.

Before O'CONNELL, P.J., and WHITE and SAAD, JJ.

O'CONNELL, P.J.

Defendants appeal as of right from an order denying their motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, a new trial, and remittitur. We reverse. This case requires us to review the provisions of the veterans' preference act (VPA), M.C.L. § 35.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1221 et seq., and their relationship to the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution, U.S. Const., Am. XIV.

I. Introduction

The parties do not dispute the essential facts of this case. Plaintiff began his employment with the Detroit Police Department in 1969, and ultimately rose to the rank of inspector. On July 12, 1994, between and 7:00 a.m., plaintiff was on duty at his regular assignment in the field duty section. During that period, he received notice of an incident involving a barricaded gunman in the 9th Precinct, which was under his jurisdiction as field duty officer. Plaintiff did not respond to the incident, although he was in radio contact with the officers at the scene. As a result of plaintiff's failure to report to the scene of the incident, he received a charge of neglect of duty under department regulations. On October 25, 1994, the Police Trial Board held a hearing on the matter. Plaintiff had legal representation at the hearing and called witnesses on his behalf. The trial board rendered its decision on November 2, 1994, and found that plaintiff had neglected his duty as field duty inspector when he failed to proceed to the location of the barricaded gunman and assume tactical command. As a penalty, the trial board assessed a three-day suspension and a loss of twenty-four hours of pay and benefits. Plaintiff submitted a request for a veterans' preference hearing in a letter dated November 29, 1994, to both defendant McKinnon and Mayor Dennis Archer, wherein he demanded a hearing before the imposition of his suspension.

On November 30, 1994, defendant McKinnon ordered plaintiff's supervisor to impose the three-day suspension. Plaintiff received his veterans' preference hearing on July 20, 1995, before Mayor Archer. The process concluded on January 19, 1996. Both sides had legal representation and a full opportunity to present witnesses and evidence. At the conclusion of the January 19, 1996, hearing, Mayor Archer rendered his decision upholding the disciplinary action. The parties stipulated that the period of delay between the plaintiff's request and the commencement of hearings was due solely to scheduling problems on the part of all concerned. Plaintiff made no claim that the city intentionally delayed his veterans' preference hearing.

II. Procedural History

In December 1994, plaintiff filed a complaint against the city of Detroit, as well as Police Chief Isaiah McKinnon and Police Commander David Simmons, in both their individual and official capacities. Plaintiff alleged that he was entitled to a hearing, pursuant to the VPA, before the imposition of his three-day suspension, and that defendants failed to provide him with one. He also alleged that defendants retaliated against him for engaging in union activity. Plaintiff contended that defendants' failure to timely provide him with a hearing, along with their retaliation against him for his union activity, violated his rights to free speech and association, as well as procedural due process, contrary to the federal and state constitutions.

Thereafter, plaintiff moved for partial summary disposition, MCR 2.116(C)(10), arguing that with the exception of damages, no genuine issue of material fact existed and that he was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Defendants filed a cross-motion for summary disposition, arguing that plaintiff's claim that he was disciplined for his union activity had no foundation in the record. Defendants further contended that the VPA did not grant plaintiff a right to a presuspension hearing and that, even if it did, their failure to provide him with one did not constitute a violation of due process. Defendants also argued that the individual defendants had no responsibilities under the act and therefore could not be held liable for its violation. Finally, defendants asserted that McKinnon and Simmons were entitled to immunity from suit.

The trial court granted plaintiff's motion "only to the extent that this Court finds that failure to provide a qualified veteran a full hearing under the Veterans Preference Act, M.C.L. § 35.402 [MSA 4.1222], prior to imposition of discipline constitutes a denial of due process...."¹ The court denied defendants' motion for summary disposition. Defendants applied for leave to appeal this order, which this Court denied, citing the failure to persuade the Court of the need for immediate appellate review.

Defendants thereafter filed another motion for summary disposition in which they raised essentially the same arguments, except that they also contended that plaintiff could not pursue a claim for damages against the individual defendants under 42 U.S.C. 1983 because plaintiff was only entitled to the relief specified in the VPA itself—the right to require the mayor to hold a hearing. The trial court denied defendants' motion for summary disposition and concluded that plaintiff was entitled to a jury trial on the issue of damages.

Before trial, defendants raised a number of motions that we need not discuss here. The jury determined that plaintiff did not suffer any actual damages. The jury did, however, assess $1 in nominal damages against both the city and defendant McKinnon, and $100,000 in punitive damages against defendant McKinnon alone.

Defendants brought motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, a new trial, and remittitur, which the trial court denied. In May 1998, the trial court entered an order staying the proceedings pending defendants' appeal to this Court. In October 1998, the parties stipulated to dismiss defendant Simmons.

The primary issue for our consideration in this case is whether the trial court erred in concluding as a matter of law that defendants violated plaintiff's right to procedural due process. We review de novo a trial court's grant or denial of a motion for summary disposition. Spiek v. Dep't of Transportation, 456 Mich. 331, 337, 572 N.W.2d 201 (1998). Because we find no due process violation in this case, we hold that the trial court erred in granting plaintiff's motion for partial summary disposition.

The relevant portion of the VPA, M.C.L. § 35.402; MSA 4.1222, provides:

No veteran or other soldier, sailor, marine, nurse or member of women's auxiliaries as indicated in [MCL 35.401; MSA 4.1221] holding an office or employment in any public department or public works of the state or any county, city or township or village of the state, except heads of departments, members of commissions, and boards and heads of institutions appointed by the governor and officers appointed directly by the mayor of a city under the provisions of a charter, and first deputies of such heads of departments, heads of institutions and officers, shall be removed or suspended, or shall, without his consent, be transferred from such office or employment except for official misconduct, habitual, serious or willful neglect in the performance of duty, extortion, conviction of intoxication, conviction of felony, or incompetency; and such veteran shall not be removed, transferred or suspended for any cause above enumerated from any office or employment, except after a full hearing before the governor of the state if a state employee, or before the prosecuting attorney if a county employee, or before the mayor of any city or the president of any village, or before the commission of any such city or village operating under a commission form of government, if an employee of a city or village, or before the township board if a township employee, and at such hearing the veteran shall have the right to be present and be represented by counsel and defend himself against such charges: Provided further, That as a condition precedent to the removal, transfer, or suspension of such veteran, he shall be entitled to a notice in writing stating the cause or causes of removal, transfer, or suspension at least 15 days prior to the hearing above provided for, and such removal, suspension or transfer shall be made only upon written order of the governor, the prosecuting attorney, the mayor, commission, or the township board: Provided, however, That where such veteran has been removed, transferred, or suspended other than in accordance with the provisions of this act, he shall file a written protest with the officer whose duty under the provisions of this act it is to make the removal, transfer, or suspension, within 30 days from the day such veteran is removed, transferred, or suspended; otherwise the veteran shall be deemed to have waived the benefits and privileges of this act: Provided, however, Said hearing shall be held within 30 days of filing such notice: Provided further, That the mayor of any city or the president of any village or the commission of any such city or village operating under a commission form of government may refer any protest where a veteran is removed, transferred, suspended or discharged, to the legal department of such city or village for a hearing. The legal department shall act as a fact finding body and shall have the power to examine witnesses, administer oaths and do all those things which the mayor could do hereunder: Provided further, That the findings...