Singleton v. Califano, 77-1066
| Decision Date | 26 January 1979 |
| Docket Number | No. 77-1066,77-1066 |
| Citation | 591 F.2d 383 |
| Parties | John SINGLETON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Joseph A. CALIFANO, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Defendant-Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit |
Alva A. Hollon, Jr., Hollon, Hollon & Hollon, Hazard, Ky., for plaintiff-appellant.
Patrick H. Molloy, U. S. Atty., Lexington, Ky., William M. Brown, Richard E. Duerr, Jr., Lexington, Ky., for defendant-appellee.
Before ENGEL and KEITH, Circuit Judges, and PECK, Senior Circuit Judge.
Plaintiff appeals from a judgment of the district court affirming the Secretary's denial of his claim for black lung benefits. We reverse and remand for payment of benefits.
Appellant, John Singleton, worked in the nation's coal mines for over 26 years with the exception of a stint with the Navy during World War II. In early 1952, he was severely injured in a mine accident when a large chunk of slate fell on him, crushing his pelvic bones and breaking his back. He has not worked since then, but has survived on his miners pension, veterans benefits, and social security disability payments. He now claims that he is also eligible for Black Lung benefits.
Earlier decisions of this court have outlined the statutory scheme of the Black Lung Benefits Act, 30 U.S.C. § 901 Et seq. 1 The issue presented in this appeal is whether appellant established eligibility for benefits under the rebuttable presumption contained in 30 U.S.C. § 921(c)(4):
Inasmuch as the Secretary concedes that he presented no evidence sufficient to rebut the presumption, the sole question raised is whether the Secretary properly ruled that appellant was not entitled to the presumption in the first place.
The Administrative Law Judge weighed the evidence, and concluded that appellant was not entitled to the rebuttable presumption. The ALJ initially found that the preponderance of the X-ray evidence showed that appellant did not have pneumoconiosis. Next, the ALJ concluded that the ventilatory functions studies performed on appellant tended to support the negative X-ray evidence. Finally, the ALJ pointed to medical evidence from the 1950's which did not indicate that appellant was suffering from any respiratory problems. He emphasized that appellant himself had testified that he was not ready to quit the mines at the time of his accident in 1952. The ALJ concluded that "a preponderance of the evidence shows that claimant's impairments are related to his back and hips rather than to his lungs; and thus the disability which he has is not due to any severe lung impairment."
Appellant testified that he labored in the coal mines for twenty-six (26) years, that he suffers chest pain and smothering spells, that he is under a doctor's care for his breathing problems and takes medication for them. He also testified that he has had a persistent cough for ten to fifteen years, experiences shortness of breath and has difficulty sleeping at night. His wife, a neighbor and a former co-worker corroborated the above testimony. Appellant's personal physician unequivocally stated that Mr. Singleton was permanently disabled due to chronic lung disease. In summary, appellant argues that (1) the uncontradicted lay testimony and (2) the affirmative testimony of his doctor is sufficient to invoke the rebuttable presumption in question.
Under the statute, the critical question is whether appellant is suffering from a "totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment . . ." The ALJ's citation of medical tests performed upon appellant in the 1950s to offset contrary medical evidence from the 1970s was disingenuous. Whether appellant had a chronic respiratory condition in the 1950s is not irrelevant in determining whether he suffers from a respiratory condition now; but such stale evidence cannot be used to offset unequivocal medical testimony that as of 1973, appellant was totally disabled because of a respiratory impairment. 2
It is clear that the cornerstone of the ALJ's decision was reliance on SSR 73-37, which permits an inference to be drawn that where X-ray and ventilatory test findings do not demonstrate the presence of pneumoconiosis or a chronic respiratory or pulmonary impairment, that the claimant is not totally disabled due to such cause. The ALJ made the unsupported assertion that the Secretary's X-ray and ventilatory test criteria are very liberal and that the adverse inference to be drawn if a miner did not meet the criteria is "a strong one."
The ALJ's heavy reliance on SSR 73-37 was erroneous. SSR 73-37 has been strongly criticized by the courts because it permits the Secretary to deny Black Lung benefits solely on the basis of negative or inconclusive X-ray or ventilatory study evidence, thus defeating the very purposes for which the § 921(c)(4) presumption was enacted in the first place. 3 See Gober v. Matthews, 574 F.2d 772, 778 (3rd Cir. 1978); Schaaf v. Matthews, 574 F.2d 157, 160 n. 11 (3rd Cir. 1978); Bozwich v. Mathews, 558 F.2d 475, 479-480 (8th Cir. 1977). This circuit has not invalidated SSR 73-37, but has indicated that great care must be taken in its application. Prokes v. Mathews, 559 F.2d 1057, 1060-62 (6th Cir. 1977).
This case demonstrates the dangers of relying too heavily on SSR 73-37. Not only was appellant's lay and medical evidence uncontradicted, the X-ray evidence relied upon by the ALJ, if anything, corroborated the existence of a pulmonary impairment. Two doctors read appellant's X-rays as indicating 1/o coal worker's pneumoconiosis. 4 Although three other doctors read the X-ray evidence as negative for pneumoconiosis, the reading of two of these doctors was entirely consistent with the existence of a pulmonary condition.
We are of the opinion that appellant was entitled to the rebuttable presumption of disability under...
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Hatfield v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 83-5283
...Lawson v. Secretary, 688 F.2d 436, 438 (6th Cir.1982); Miniard v. Califano, 618 F.2d 405, 410 (6th Cir.1980); Singleton v. Califano, 591 F.2d 383, 385 (6th Cir.1979); Cunningham v. Califano, 590 F.2d 635 (6th Cir.1978); Dickson v. Califano, 590 F.2d 616, 623 (6th Cir.1978); Burchett v. Math......
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Hill v. Califano
...20 C.F.R. §§ 410.414, 418, 490.7 30 U.S.C. § 921(c)(4); 20 C.F.R. §§ 410.414(b), (c), 410.490(b)(1)(ii). See e. g., Singleton v. Califano, 591 F.2d 383 (6th Cir. 1978); Gastineau v. Mathews, 577 F.2d 356 (6th Cir. 1978); Prokes v. Mathews, 559 F.2d 1057 (6th Cir. 1977); Morris v. Mathews, 5......
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Haywood v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 81-5708
...a negative diagnosis in one year is not probative of the existence of pneumoconiosis on subsequent dates. See Singleton v. Califano, 591 F.2d 383, 385 (6th Cir.1979). On any given date pneumoconiosis may not be detectable or may not have destroyed enough of the claimants lungs to be diagnos......
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Sexton v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 84-3093
...Lawson v. Secretary, 688 F.2d 436, 438 (6th Cir.1982); Miniard v. Califano, 618 F.2d 405, 410 (6th Cir.1980); Singleton v. Califano, 591 F.2d 383, 385 (6th Cir.1979); Cunningham v. Califano, 590 F.2d 635 (6th Cir.1978); Dickson v. Califano, 590 F.2d 616, 623 (6th Cir.1978); Burchett v. Math......