Sjol v. Sjol

• Decision Date: 27 January 1949
• Docket Number: 7128.
• Citation: 35 N.W.2d 797,76 N.D. 336
• Parties: SJOL v. SJOL.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

35 N.W.2d 797

76 N.D. 336

SJOL v. SJOL.

No. 7128.

Supreme Court of North Dakota

January 27, 1949

Rehearing Denied Feb. 11, 1949.

Syllabus by the Court.

1. The district court in a divorce action should award the custody of the children of the marriage in accordance with the best interests of such children and such an award is subject to modification from time to time as the best interests of the children may require.

2. A decision on custody of the children is within the sound judicial discretion of the trial court and will not be interfered with on appeal except in case of clear abuse of discretion.

Halvor L. Halvorson, of Minot, for plaintiff-respondent.

Wyckoff & Schulte, of Stanley, for defendant-appellant.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal from an order of the district court modifying a divorce decree as far as it concerns the custody of the child of the marriage. The modification was granted upon an order to show cause after a hearing on affidavits and oral testimony.

The plaintiff and defendant were married on July 20, 1946. The plaintiff was then seventeen years of age and the defendant thirty-two years of age. A child, Lynn Barrie Sjol, was born to them on June 28, 1947. At that time the parties were living apart and on August 25, 1947, the plaintiff was, after a trial, granted a divorce from the defendant on the grounds of cruel and inhuman treatment. The custody and control of the child was granted to the plaintiff, Beverly Rose Sjol. The defendant was given the right of visitation and ordered to pay $35 per month for the support of the child. No appeal was taken from that judgment.

Then, on September 22, 1948, a hearing was had upon an order to show cause on the petition of the defendant asking that the judgment be modified to the extent of giving the defendant the custody, care and control of the child, Lynn Barrie Sjol. At the end of the hearing on September 23rd, the Court made an order modifying the original judgment to the extent of giving joint custody of the child to plaintiff and defendant and providing that the actual care and custody be in Mr. and Mrs. Wilfred Barstad until the further order of the court and providing further 'that should either of the parties desire at the expiration of six months to submit further evidence in reference to the legal custody of said child, such application may be heard upon ten days' written notice to the adverse party and to the court.'

The defendant takes this appeal from that order.

Both parties on this appeal question the authority of the court to make this order under the evidence presented. Both parties object to joint legal custody in them and actual custody in a third party.

In Keezer on Marriage and Divorce, Second Edition, page 414, it is said that 'Decrees for custody are generally regarded as temporary and are farely made final but the court retains the power to modify them for cause shown, at any subsequent times, * * *. The decree remains open and subject to modification until the children are of age.' See also Jaques v. Jaques, 58 Utah 265, 198 P. 770; Novotny v Novotny, 152 Minn. 420, 189 N.W. 258; Lefebvre v. Lefebvre 48 Cal.App. 483, 192 P. 76.

This court has, in several cases, heretofore held that the district court had the right and the duty to decide as to the custody of children in divorce actions in accordance with the welfare of the child. See Rufer v. Rufer, 67 N.D. 67, 269 N.W. 741 and cases cited. See also In re Sidle, 31 N.D. 405, 154 N.W 277; Garrett v. Burbage, 55 N.D. 926, 215 N.W. 479.

Section 14-0522, NDRC 1943, provides that: 'In an action for divorce, the court, before or after judgment, may give such direction for the custody, care, and education of the children of the marriage as may seem necessary or proper and may vacate or modify the same at any time.'

This statement clearly gives the court authority to modify a judgment as to custody from time to time as the best interests of the child may require.

Such modification rests largely in the sound discretion of the court, and 'will be interfered with, only in case of clear abuse of such discretion.' Keezer on Marriage and Divorce, Second Ed. 415. 'The custody of children is entirely in the discretion of the court, which will be sustained unless abused, * * *.' 2 Schouler on Marriage and Divorce, 6th Ed. 2033. See also Simmons v. Simmons, 22 Cal.App. 448, 134 P. 791; Moore v. Moore, Tex.Civ.App., 213 S.W. 949.

The rules laid down by statute are that in awarding the custody of a minor the court should be guide by 'what appears to be for the best interests of the child in respect to its temporal and its mental and moral welfare, * * *' and 'As between parents adversely claiming the custody or guardianship, neither parent is entitled to it as of right * * *.' Sec. 30-1006, NDRC 1943.

Section 30-1007 gives preference to a parent or to a relative, but the courts have repeatedly held that custody may be awarded to a third party, 'when the morals or safety or interests of the child demand it. Such an award is to be made, of course, in the exercise of a sound discretion.' 2 Vernier, American Family Laws, Divorce and Separation, 191.

Keezer in Marriage and Divorce, Second Ed. 416, lays down the rule for modification of a decree as to custody, as follows: 'Broadly stated, the controlling considerations are a change of circumstances, the conduct of the custodial party, the morals of the parents, their financial condition, the age of the children and the devotion of either parent to the best interests of the children.'

It is clear that the district court had the authority, not only to make the disposition of custody as done in the original judgment, but also to modify it as done in the order appealed from. The only question for this court is whether in so modifying the original judgment the court abused its discretion.

It appears from the evidence that after keeping the child two or three weeks at her mother's home the plaintiff placed the child with a Mr. and Mrs. Wilfred Barstad who have since that time and now have the care and actual custody of the child. They attempted an adoption and secured the plaintiff's consent thereto. The defendant, however, refused to consent so the adoption was abandoned. Later, the plaintiff consented to the Barstads taking the child out of the State. The plaintiff, the mother of the child, has visited the Barstads occasionally and the Barstads have taken the child at times to the places plaintiff was staying. On June 22, 1948, plaintiff remarried one Thompson after keeping company with him for some four or five months. She lived with him only two months when he obtained a divorce from her on the grounds...