Smith v. Indiana Dept. of Correction

• Decision Date: 11 March 2008
• Docket Number: No. 49A02-0706-CV-477.,49A02-0706-CV-477.
• Citation: 881 N.E.2d 1100
• Parties: Eric D. SMITH, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION, et al, Appellee-Defendants.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

881 N.E.2d 1100

Eric D. SMITH, Appellant-Plaintiff, v.INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION, et al, Appellee-Defendants.

No. 49A02-0706-CV-477.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

March 11, 2008.

Eric D. Smith, Westville, IN, pro se.

Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Frances H. Barrow, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.

OPINION

DARDEN, Judge:

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Eric D. Smith, pro se, appeals the trial court's grant of the motion for summary judgment made by the Indiana Department of Correction and Westville Control Unit in his action seeking injunctive and declaratory relief.

We dismiss.

FACTS

In August of 2001, a jury convicted Smith of having committed nine counts of arson, all as class B felonies, when he set a fire that destroyed twelve occupied apartment units.He was sentenced to a term of twenty years.He appealed, and we affirmed his conviction.SeeSmith v. State,779 N.E.2d 978(Ind.Ct.App.Nov, 2002), trans. denied.He sought post-conviction relief, which was denied; and we affirmed the denial.SeeSmith v. State, 49A05-0409-PC-495, 846 N.E.2d 373(Ind.Ct.App.Apr. 13, 2006).

Smith then embarked on a course of lawsuits that led to numerous appeals addressed by this court.SeeSmith v. Dep't of Corr., No. 49A05-0603-CV-113, 853 N.E.2d 551(Ind.Ct.App.Aug.21, 2006)(appealing judgment on the evidence against him on his claim alleging that "painful odor" at facility violated his constitutional rights), trans. denied;Smith v. Huckins et al,850 N.E.2d 480(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing dismissal pursuant to Ind.Code § 34-58-1-1 of his claim alleging facility employees violated his right to free speech and access to courts), trans. denied;Smith v. Maximum Control Facility et al,850 N.E.2d 476(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing dismissal of claim pursuant to statute of his complaint alleging denial of access to public records);Smith v. McKee et al,850 N.E.2d 471(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing dismissal pursuant to statute of his claim alleging acts of retaliation and excessive force);Smith v. Carrasco et al,850 N.E.2d 468(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing dismissal pursuant to statute of his claim alleging that his writing of papers on anarchy was unconstitutionally prohibited);Smith v. Indiana Dep't of Corr. et al,853 N.E.2d 127(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing dismissal pursuant to statute of his claim alleging use of excessive force after he tied sheets to form a hammock and suspended himself from pipes twenty feet in the air, refusing to descend until his demands that papers be copied were met), transmitted on transfer;Smith v. Wal-Mart Stores East LP,853 N.E.2d 478(Ind.Ct.App.2006)(appealing grant of Wal-Mart's motion to dismiss.Smith's 2005 claimalleging that Wal-Mart was violating his constitutional rights and was negligent in failing to produce evidence regarding 2001 sales), trans. denied;Smith v. Indiana Dep't of Corr. et al,861 N.E.2d 1271(Ind.Ct.App.2007)(appealing denial of a preliminary injunction in the instant action);Smith v. Harris,861 N.E.2d 384(Ind.Ct.App.2007)(appealing denial of dismissal for failure to prosecute his claim alleging unconstitutional refusal to copy documents requested by Smith), trans. denied;Smith v. State, No. 49A05-0611-PC-628, 867 N.E.2d 286(Ind. Ct.App.May 22, 2007)(appealing denial of motion to correct erroneous sentence);Smith v. State, No. 41A04-0608-CV-441, 868 N.E.2d 1216(Ind. Ct.App.June 26, 2007)(appealing denial of motion to expunge record of 2000 arrest);Smith v. Indiana Dep't of Corr. et al,871 N.E.2d 975(Ind.Ct.App.2007)(appealing judgment for facility on Smith's claim alleging disciplinary methods constituted negligence and constitutional violations), trans. denied; and Smith v. State,873 N.E.2d 197(Ind.Ct.App.2007)(appealing summary judgment for facility on Smith's claim alleging violation of right to access records), transmitted on transfer.According to our docket, Smith also currently has pending six new matters awaiting action.

The appeal before us concerns a complaint filed by Smith on August 11, 2005, against the Department of Correction and its Westville Control Unit ("the Unit," and collectively, "DOC").Smith sought injunctive and declaratory relief as to his treatment in segregated confinement in the Unit.DOC filed an answer, admitting that Smith had been "confined in segregation" in the Unit since April of 2004 but denying the rest of his factual allegations.(App.35).On December 2, 2005, Smith filed a motion to amend his complaint, adding inter alia a claim that his treatment violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.In January of 2006, the trial court granted his motion to amend.The amended complaint makes 224 paragraphs of factual allegations to the effect that the Unit is a grim place to be and that Smith suffers greatly there.Smith's complaint then asks the trial court to declare that prisoners in the Unit "be allowed to participate in educational programs, to possess hardcover books, tape and cassette players"; be allowed "legitimate physical and real outside recreation, and contact visits"; be "allowed to possess all their clothing" and "be allotted enough clean clothing and under garments for each day of the week"; "be allowed to order food off of commissary"; have "access to every legal paper or legal book within the main law library"; and be given televisions, radios and batteries.(App.303, 304, 305, 309).He further asked the trial court to declare that DOC "must provide prisoners ... helpful and resourceful legal assistance"; declare that the Unit "be closed down and barred forever from use"; and enjoin the DOC from operating "any facility" like the Unit.(App.308, 311, 312).DOC filed another answer, again denying most of Smith's allegations.

On June 5, 2006, Smith filed a motion for summary judgment¹ and his 99-page affidavit in support.He subsequently submitted an affidavit of "additional facts."(App.585).On June 26, 2006, the trial court set a hearing on Smith's motion.On August 15, 2006, Smith filed notice with the trial court stating that on August 1, 2006, he was transferred, from the Unit to the New Castle Correction Facility and placed in a mental health unit on suicide watch.On August 31, 2006, DOC filed its response in opposition to Smith's motion for summary judgment and its motion for summary judgment.In both, DOC argued that the trial court lacked jurisdiction over claims asserting a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; that Smith's claims for injunctive relief were moot inasmuch as be had been transferred from the Unit; and that DOC was not a proper party for declaratory judgment.²

On September 11, Smith filed another affidavit in support of his motion for summary judgment, stating his belief that his transfer to the New Castle DOC facility on August 1, 2006, was effected by DOC "to escape jurisdiction of'the trial court and "to prejudice [him] in other court filings and cases."³(App.737).Smith also filed a motion to again amend his complaint; specifically, to name "proper defendants" amenable to an order of declaratory judgment.(App.752).On November 2, 2006, Smith filed another affidavit of "additional facts" with the trial court, advising that he was then at the Indiana State Prison in Michigan City.(App.767, 768).

On February 26, 2007, the trial court convened a hearing on both Smith's and DOC's pending motions for summary judgment and other various motions filed by' Smith.Smith acknowledged that at that time, he was not in the Unit but at a DOC facility in Pendleton.⁴On April 5, 2007the trial court granted summary judgment to DOC.The trial court found that it did not have jurisdiction over his claim for violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; that his claim for injunctive relief was moot based upon his transfer from the Unit; and that DOC was not subject to declaratory judgment.The trial court's order also denied Smith's motion to amend his complaint "more than a year after the filing of' his amended complaint.(App.24).

DECISION

Smith's brief argues that the trial court"erred when it dismissed the Amended Complaint."Smith's Br.at 4.We note that the trial court did not dismiss his complaint; it granted judgment to DOC.Smith's specific arguments are as follows: (1)the trial court should have allowed him to again amend his complaint because, as a pro se litigant, he should be given special latitude; (2) his claims for injunctive relief are not moot because his transfer from WCU was only temporary, and he had filed notice with the trial court on March 21, 2007, that he was again in WCU; (3) Indiana's Declaratory Judgment statute cannot bar judgment against DOC for declaratory relief based on his claims alleging the violation of his federal constitutional rights; and (4) based on the right to due course of law pursuant to the Indiana constitution, Indiana courts must have jurisdiction to apply the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

DOC argues that as a matter of law, Smith's various arguments must fail.It further urges that in the event we find that there is a genuine issue of material fact so as to warrant the reverse of summary judgment for further proceedings, we direct the trial court to conduct appropriate screening under Indiana Code Title 34, Article 58.We find the latter matter to be dispositive.

Pursuant to Indiana Code section 34-58-1-1, "[u]pon receipt of a complaint filed by an offender" after June 30, 2004, "the court shall docket the case and take no further action until the court has conducted the review required by Section 2 of this chapter."⁵This statute"contemplates that the trial court conducts a sua sponte review of an offender's complaint or petition promptly upon filing."Smith,853 N.E.2d at 132.After this review, the trial court

(a) shall determine if the claim may proceed.A claim may not proceed if the court determines that the...