Smith v. Tully

• Decision Date: 30 October 1995
• Docket Number: No. 93-526-A,93-526-A
• Citation: Smith v. Tully, 665 A.2d 1333 (R.I. 1995)
• Parties: Barry SMITH v. Thomas F. TULLY. ppeal.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

Page 1333

665 A.2d 1333

Barry SMITH v. Thomas F. TULLY.

No. 93-526-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

Oct. 30, 1995.

Joseph Palumbo, Jr., Middletown, for Plaintiff.

Eugene Coulter, Newport, for Defendant.

OPINION

MURRAY, Justice.

This matter is before the court on the appeal of the plaintiff, Barry Smith (plaintiff), from a Superior Court summary judgment entered in favor of the defendant, Thomas F. Tully (defendant). On appeal the plaintiff argues that the motion justice erred in ruling that the police officer's rule bars his cause of action against the defendant. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the Superior Court judgment. The facts that follow are gleaned from the plaintiff's deposition and other pertinent portions of the record in the case.

At approximately 10 pm on September 4, 1989, plaintiff, a Middletown police officer, responded to a call to investigate a report that a man was "playing with a knife" in a restroom at the Sun and Sand Cafe, a bar located in Middletown. When plaintiff entered the bar, he observed a man, later identified as Rafael Salvador (Salvador), holding a machete and aggressively pursuing another individual with a pool stick. The plaintiff drew his gun, pointed his flashlight at Salvador, and ordered him to drop the knife. In disregard of plaintiff's orders to cease, Salvador turned toward plaintiff and charged at him with the machete in his hand. When Salvador continued to approach plaintiff with the machete raised above his head, plaintiff shot him with his revolver, killing him. The shooting was later deemed justified. The plaintiff sustained physical injuries and claimed to experience posttraumatic stress syndrome as a result of the incident. The workers' compensation insurance carrier for the Middletown police department paid for all medical expenses incurred by plaintiff arising from the altercation with Salvador.

In July 1991, plaintiff filed the instant action against defendant, the owner of the Sun and Sand Cafe and holder of its liquor license, seeking damages for the injuries he sustained as a result of the altercation with Salvador. The plaintiff alleged, inter alia, that defendant, his agents or employees, negligently and/or recklessly had served liquor to Salvador while he was visibly intoxicated in violation of the Rhode Island Liquor Liability Act, G.L.1956 (1987 Reenactment) chapter 14 of title 3 (the act). The plaintiff contended that his injuries were directly and proximately caused by Salvador's excessive consumption of liquor at defendant's bar.

Subsequently, in September 1992 defendant filed a motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56 of the Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure, contending that the police office's rule absolutely bars plaintiff from recovering against defendant. Following a hearing on defendant's motion, a Superior Court motion justice granted summary judgment in favor of defendant. In response, plaintiff filed the instant appeal.

On appeal, plaintiff argues that the Superior Court motion justice erred in granting summary judgment in defendant's favor. As a threshold matter, plaintiff asserts that the police officer's rule should not operate to shield a dram shop owner who knowingly serves liquor to a visibly intoxicated person from liability for damages proximately caused by the intoxicated person. It is plaintiff's contention that the act expressly affords a remedy to every person, including police officers.

The defendant argues that the Superior Court motion justice appropriately granted summary judgment. He maintains that the police officer's rule serves to bar plaintiff's action regardless of defendant's conduct. He contends that whether one characterizes the serving of alcohol to an intoxicated person as merely negligent or as willful, wanton, or reckless is irrelevant in the instant case because plaintiff was an on-duty, uniformed police officer, acting in the line of duty when he was injured. Alternatively, defendant avers that plaintiff assumed the risk he encountered. Last, defendant argues that Salvador's acts served as a sufficient independent and intervening act of negligence or reckless conduct so as to absolve defendant of any liability.

This court has often stated that summary judgment is a drastic remedy that should be cautiously applied. Commercial Union Companies v. Graham, 495 A.2d 243, 245 (R.I.1985); Rustigian v. Celona, 478 A.2d 187, 189 (R.I.1984); Steinberg v. State, 427 A.2d 338, 340 (R.I.1981). The trial justice must examine all the pleadings, affidavits, admissions, answers to interrogatories, and other materials in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. O'Hara v. John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co., 574 A.2d 135, 136 (R.I.1990); Blanchard v. Blanchard, 484 A.2d 904, 905 (R.I.1984). The moving party is only entitled to judgment as a matter of law if there are no genuine issues of material fact to be decided. Super.R.Civ.P. 56.

The trial justice may search for the existence of factual issues but may not decide them, Commercial Union Companies, 495 A.2d at 245; Steinberg, 427 A.2d at 340; Hodge v. Osteopathic General Hospital of Rhode Island, 107 R.I. 135, 142, 265 A.2d 733, 737 (1970); nor may the trial justice assess the weight or the credibility of the evidence. Doyle v. State, 122 R.I. 590, 593-94, 411 A.2d 907, 909 (1980).

When reviewing summary judgments on appeal, this court must apply the same standard as the trial court and review the opposing party's material in its most favorable light. O'Hara, 574 A.2d at 136; Westinghouse Broadcasting Co. v. Dial Media, Inc., 122 R.I. 571, 579, 410 A.2d 986, 990 (1980). In this case neither party disputes the basic facts set forth in this opinion. We are of the opinion that the motion justice correctly concluded that defendant was entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

We first state briefly the historic evolution of the police officer's rule. An extension of the firefighter's rule, the police officer's rule is a common-law doctrine which operates to preclude a police officer from recovering from a tortfeasor whose negligence brings him or her to the site at which injury is sustained. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierra, 619 A.2d 436, 439 (R.I.199...