Snyder v. State

Decision Date19 November 1986
Docket NumberNo. 284S59,284S59
Citation500 N.E.2d 154
PartiesDonald SNYDER, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
CourtIndiana Supreme Court

Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender, William L. Touchette, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, for appellant.

Linley E. Pearson, Atty. Gen., Lisa M. Paunicka, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

GIVAN, Chief Justice.

Appellant entered a plea of guilty to two (2) counts of Robbery and one (1) count of Attempted Robbery, all Class B felonies. He was sentenced to concurrent fifteen (15) year terms of imprisonment.

On September 30, 1980, appellant was charged with Robbery. Two days later he was charged with Robbery and Attempted Robbery. On October 6, appellant filed a Motion to Have Psychiatric Examination and Evaluation, which was granted the following day. The court appointed two psychiatrists, who examined appellant and submitted reports in which both concluded he was competent to stand trial.

On March 17, 1981, appellant filed a plea bargain agreement in which he agreed to enter a plea of guilty to the three charges and the State recommended concurrent ten (10) year sentences. A guilty plea hearing was conducted on that date. On April 20, the trial judge, the Honorable Hugh D. McQuillan, rejected the plea agreement. A second plea agreement was then filed on June 23. The judge accepted that plea and sentenced appellant in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Appellant filed a pro se post-conviction petition on January 10, 1983, alleging that he was denied effective assistance of counsel and that his sentence was unreasonable. The court summarily denied the petition on July 5. On September 2, appellant filed a motion to correct error and also filed a motion to reconsider asking the court to hold an evidentiary hearing on the issues set forth in his petition. Oral argument was heard on the motions and the court granted the motion to reconsider and permitted appellant to amend his post-conviction petition. The subsequently filed amended petition was also summarily denied.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in accepting his guilty plea because the court failed to make a proper determination of his competency to stand trial. He argues that based on facts known by the court, it was compelled under the applicable statute to conduct a hearing to determine whether he was competent.

The statute provided:

"If at any time before the final submission of any criminal case to the court or jury trying the same, the court, either from its own knowledge or upon the suggestion of any person, has reasonable grounds for believing that the defendant lacks the ability to understand the proceedings and assist in the preparation of his defense, the court shall immediately fix a time for a hearing to determine whether the defendant has that ability. The court shall appoint two competent disinterested psychiatrists, who shall examine the defendant for the purpose of forming an opinion as to whether the defendant has that ability and shall testify concerning the same at the hearing." Ind.Code Sec. 35-5-3.1-1(a) (repealed and recodified at Ind.Code Sec. 35-36-3-1(a)).

A defendant's right to a competency hearing is not absolute. A hearing is required by the statute and by due process only when there is evidence creating a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's competency. Pate v. Robinson (1966), 383 U.S. 375, 86 S.Ct. 836, 15 L.Ed.2d 815; Goodman v. State (1983), Ind., 453 N.E.2d 984. The decision whether to hold a competency hearing is made within the discretion of the trial court, particularly where, as in the instant case, no petition for a hearing was filed. Hadley v. State (1986), Ind., 496 N.E.2d 67; Goodman, supra.

Two psychiatrists were appointed to examine appellant. Both concluded he was competent to stand trial. Appellant did not object to the psychiatrists' reports or attempt to schedule a hearing prior to filing his plea bargain agreement. See Hadley, supra. Under these circumstances, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not sua sponte ordering a competency hearing. Montague v. State (1977), 266 Ind. 51, 360 N.E.2d 181.

Appellant contends the trial court abused its discretion in rejecting the first plea agreement.

On March 17, 1981, appellant submitted a plea bargain agreement. At a hearing conducted that day, the trial judge advised appellant concerning the consequences of entering a plea of guilty, the rights he was waiving and the range of possible sentences. The judge informed appellant that the court was not a party to the agreement and would not be bound by it.

On April 20, an order was entered indicating the judge would not accept the plea agreement. In a colloquy with defense counsel, the judge stated in essence that he had a problem with appellant's answers at the guilty plea hearing about his use of alcohol and drugs and was concerned appellant would later attempt to have the plea set aside on the basis that his plea was involuntary due to the ingestion of drugs.

Appellant argues the judge disregarded his answers to the effect that while he had a history of consumption of alcohol and drugs, he was not under the influence of either at the time he entered his plea of guilty. He argues that the judge therefore had no basis for rejecting his plea and that the judge, by stating improper and inaccurate reasons for not accepting the plea, abused his discretion.

We cannot agree. A criminal defendant has no absolute right to have a guilty plea accepted and a trial judge may reject a plea in the exercise of sound judicial discretion. Santobello v. New York (1971), 404 U.S. 257, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427; Stroud v. State (1983), Ind., 450 N.E.2d 992. In Meadows v. State (1981), Ind., 428 N.E.2d 1232, this Court found that the trial court's rejection of a proffered plea bargain without stating specific reasons did not evidence an abuse of the court's discretion. We concluded that when a trial court, after complying with the guilty plea statute and taking evidence on the factual basis for the plea, rejects a plea bargain, we will presume that the court has properly evaluated the propriety of accepting it. Id. at 1235.

Appellant contends the trial judge failed to advise him prior to accepting his plea of guilty of any possible increased sentence by reason of the fact of a prior conviction or convictions, as required by Ind.Code Sec. 35-4.1-1-3(d) (repealed and recodified at Ind.Code Sec. 35-35-1-2(a)(3)). Raising this issue for the first time on appeal, he asserts that the omission of the advisement constitutes fundamental error.

In reviewing a guilty plea this Court will examine the entire record, including the written plea agreement, the transcript of the sentencing and any further evidence presented at the post-conviction hearing. White v. State (1986), Ind., 497 N.E.2d 893. The record here reveals that appellant was in fact meaningfully informed by the trial judge of the possibility of an enhanced sentence by reason of his prior convictions. Further, appellant does not contend...

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11 cases
  • Butler v. State
    • United States
    • Indiana Supreme Court
    • November 28, 1995
    ...discretion that is essential due to the varying degrees and kinds of inquiries required by different circumstances. See Snyder v. State (1986), Ind., 500 N.E.2d 154, 157. Obviously, a court need not find evidence proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt to conclude that a factual basis exist......
  • Benefiel v. State
    • United States
    • Indiana Supreme Court
    • September 18, 1991
    ...it would not accept the stipulations due to appellant's answers. The trial court did not err under the circumstances. See Snyder v. State (1986), Ind., 500 N.E.2d 154. Appellant contends the trial court erred by improperly restricting the definition of insanity. He claims the trial court er......
  • State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Gutierrez, 45A03-0408-CV-368.
    • United States
    • Indiana Appellate Court
    • March 30, 2006
  • Beech v. State
    • United States
    • Indiana Appellate Court
    • December 17, 1998
    ...right to have a guilty plea accepted, and a trial court may reject a plea in the exercise of sound judicial discretion. Snyder v. State, 500 N.E.2d 154, 157 (Ind.1986). Given the nature and importance of the rights at stake, we find no meaningful distinction between cases in which the trial......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

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