Southern Ry. Co. v. Clarke

• Decision Date: 10 April 1919
• Docket Number: 1 Div. 93
• Citation: 203 Ala. 248,82 So. 516
• Parties: SOUTHERN RY. CO. v. CLARKE et al.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

82 So. 516

203 Ala. 248

SOUTHERN RY. CO. v. CLARKE et al.

1 Div. 93

Supreme Court of Alabama

April 10, 1919

On Rehearing, June 30, 1919

Appeal from Circuit Court, Mobile County; Saffold Berney, Judge.

Action by Norborne R. Clarke and others, executors, against the Southern Railway Company. From judgment for plaintiffs defendant appeals. Transferred from Court of Appeals under section 6, p. 450, Acts 1911. Reversed and remanded.

Mayfield and Somerville, JJ., dissenting in part.

Stevens McCorvey & McLeod and Bestor & Young, all of Mobile, for appellant.

Harry T. Smith & Caffey, of Mobile, for appellee.

SOMERVILLE J.

The reported cases dealing with the right of a railroad company to excavate, remove, and use the soil and other materials on its right of way, are not entirely harmonious.

The nature and limitations of the rights acquired by a railroad company by virtue of its condemnation of a right of way for the construction and maintenance of its road are discussed and some authorities cited, in N., C. & St. L. Ry. Co. v. Karthaus, 150 Ala. 633, 43 So. 791; but the points of decision there were that the company had no right to excavate sand from its right of way for the purpose of selling it, and that any sale of such material constituted a conversion for which trover would lie.

The editor of the Lawyers' Reports Annotated has collected and reviewed the cases in his note to Cleveland, etc., R. Co. v. Hadley, 179 Ind. 429, 101 N.E. 473, 45 L.R.A. (N.S.) 796, and he concludes:

"The general rule seems to be that when it is necessary to remove material, such as earth, in constructing the road on its established grade, or changing the grade over a right of way, such material may be used by the company even on other parts of the road. *** But when the removal of such material is not necessary in constructing the road on grade, the company has no right to move it simply for use elsewhere." (Italics ours.)

In 10 R.C.L, p. 120, it is said that--

The company "may use as much of the earth, gravel, and stone within the location as it may need for the construction and maintenance of the road, and it may carry the same from one point to another on the road as these uses may require; but it has no right to sell such material to third persons."

In 15 Cyc. 603, C, the rule is thus stated:

"A railroad company having acquired a right of way is entitled to use so much of the timber, earth, gravel, stone, and other materials thereon as may be necessary for the proper construction or repair of its roadway, either in adjacent localities or elsewhere; but the company cannot sell or otherwise convert such materials to its own use, except for the purposes above stated."

A few of the leading cases referred to are Brainard v. Clapp, 10 Cush. (Mass.) 6, 57 Am.Dec. 74; Chapin v. Sullivan, 39 N.H. 564, 75 Am.Dec. 237; Lyon v. Gormley, 53 Pa. 261; Aldrich v. Drury, 8 R.I. 554, 5 Am.Rep. 624; Hendler v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 209 Pa. 256, 58 A. 486, 103 Am.St.Rep. 1005; Hendrix v. So. Ry. Co., 162 N.C. 9, 77 S.E. 1001.

Our examination of these and other cases leads us to the conclusion that the distinction stated by the editor in the note to 45 L.R.A. (N.S.) 796, supra, is well founded both upon reason and authority; and we hold that earth and other materials, not excavated of necessity in the course of construction, may not be excavated and removed for use in the construction or maintenance of the roadway or other appurtenances or improvements, beyond the boundaries of the particular tract which was the subject of a separate condemnation. As said by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania:

"The right, however, extends no further as against each owner than the boundaries of his own land. His land has been subjected to a servitude for the construction and maintenance of a railroad through it, but not for construction or maintenance through any other land. For the use of his materials for the latter purpose he has not been compensated." Hendler v. Lehigh V.R. Co., 209 Pa. 256, 58 A. 486, 103 Am.St.Rep. 1005.

We find nothing in the record of the proceedings under which defendant's predecessor, the Alabama Grand Trunk Railroad Company, condemned the tract of land from which the soil here in question was taken, which would extend the rights of defendant in this regard beyond the limitations of the general rule as above stated.

The giving and refusal of instructions to the jury were in accord with our theory of the law, and the exceptions to those rulings cannot be sustained.

We find no evidence from which the jury could have inferred that Augustine Meaher, acting as the authorized agent of plaintiffs, gave defendant authority to dig and remove the soil, and instructions requested on that theory of the case were properly refused.

The measure of damages, as held in N., C. & St. L. Ry. Co. v. Karthaus, 150 Ala. 641, 43 So. 794, was the value of the soil at the place of conversion, which was the place where it was first appropriated to an unlawful use--and not at the time and place of its severance. The reason given is that its digging and removal are per se lawful, and that conversion consists only in the final act of misappropriation. The instruction that damages should be based on the value of the soil immediately after its severance was properly refused.

Defendant excepted to several portions of the court's oral charge. The record, however, fails to show that their exceptions were seasonably taken, i.e., before the jury retired; and for that reason they cannot be sustained. Carter v. T.C.I. & R.R. Co., 180 Ala. 367, 61 So. 65.

Plaintiff's witness Robertson testified that delivering dirt to any point in Mobile costs from a dollar to a dollar and a half a load, and never less than a dollar. On cross-examination he stated that the price named included labor and team and everything, and that if he paid a dollar for the dirt he would charge two dollars, and that he himself charged a dollar and a half or a dollar and a quarter a load.

Defendant, on cross-examination, propounded to him the following questions:

"Answering that first question when you figured a yard of dirt worth a dollar and a half to deliver, how much did you figure in as the worth of the dirt itself, and your services for driving the team, owning the team, owning the horse and wagon and driving the horse?"

"As a matter of fact, this dirt you have testified about as hauling for people and charged a dollar to a dollar and a half, isn't it most of the time that the dirt is given to you for nothing?"

"What do you pay, or what is the price of dirt at a particular place before you start to deliver it?"

These questions were excluded as irrelevant, on...