Speight v. U.S., 87-1369.

• Decision Date: 19 May 1989
• Docket Number: No. 87-1369.,87-1369.
• Citation: 558 A.2d 357
• Parties: Thomas Gerald SPEIGHT, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Appellee.
• Court: D.C. Court of Appeals

558 A.2d 357

Thomas Gerald SPEIGHT, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Appellee.

No. 87-1369.

District of Columbia Court of Appeals.

Submitted January 5, 1989.

Decided May 19, 1989.

Joyce A. Wilson, appointed by this court, was on the brief, for appellant.

Jay B. Stephens, U.S. Atty., with whom Michael W. Farrell, Helen M. Bollwerk, and Su Zann Lamb, Asst. U.S. Attys., Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for appellee. Sharon M. Collins, Asst. U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., also filed an appearance.

Before ROGERS, Chief Judge, FERREN, Associate Judge, and KERN. Senior Judge.

KERN, Senior Judge;

In October 1986, Congress enacted the District of Columbia Judicial Efficiency Improvement Act, Pub.L. No. 99-573, § 2(a), 100 Stat. 3228 (codified at D.C.Code § 11-1732 (1988 Supp.)) (the Act).¹ The Act, inter alia,² authorized hearing commissioners to serve on a permanent basis in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and empowered them to "make findings" and "enter final judgments" in non-jury criminal trials of non-felony offenses and in other proceedings. With respect to final orders and judgments entered by hearing commissioners, the Act specifically provided that "An appeal to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals may be made only after a judge of the Superior Court has reviewed the order or judgment." D.C.Code § 11-1732(k); see Super. Ct.Crim.R. 117(k).

On October 29, 1987, a Superior Court hearing commissioner, after a trial at which a female undercover police officer testified that appellant had offered her money to perform a sexual act, found appellant guilty of the misdemeanor charge of soliciting for prostitution in violation of D.C.Code § 22-2701 (1988 Supp.).³ See Graves v. United States, 515 A.2d 1136, 1144-48 (D.C.1986); see generally Dinkins v. United States, 374 A.2d 292, 295 (D.C. 1977) (en banc). The hearing commissioner entered a judgment order fining appellant and placing him on probation. On the very same day, a Superior Court judge also signed that order. Appellant has appealed to this court from this judgment solely on the ground that the evidence presented at his trial was insufficient to support the judgment of conviction.

The record on appeal reveals that the court reporter at appellant's trial did not prepare the transcript of the trial until February, 1988. Thus, it is clear that when the Superior Court judge signed the judgment the hearing commissioner had entered in this case in 1987, the judge did not have this transcript before him. Nor does the record reflect that the signing judge listened to the tape of the trial proceedings, or considered any objection by appellant upon a written summary of the evidence presented at trial, as the applicable rule, Super.Ct.Crim.R. 117(t)(1), requires a reviewing judge to do. Indeed, there is a handwritten notation on the judgment form entered by the hearing commissioner and signed by the judge which reads: "Kwakye Waived — Notice of Appeal Given." This appears to indicate that appellant chose not to present to the signatory judge any challenge to the hearing commissioner's guilty finding and judgment prior to noting his appeal.

In Kwakye v. District of Columbia, 494 A.2d 648, 645-46 (D.C.1985), this court established what constituted a proper review by a trial court judge of a hearing commissioner's order:

The review process is ineffectual if trial judges simply approve commissioners' proposed findings without meaningful consideration of specific issues to be raised on review. . . . It is apparent that the trial court judge reviewed the [instant] case without benefit of a trial transcript, and without the aid of arguments from the parties. . . . The trial court judge should consider the objections on an adequate record before deciding whether to approve the findings and recommendations of the hearing commissioner. . . .

The issue in Kwakye was whether the trial court judge had approved and adopted the hearing commissioner's findings and recommendations so that this court had a final judgment before it for appellate review. The statute applicable at the time of Kwakye provided that a hearing commissioner's findings and recommended sentence could "constitute a final order of the Superior Court," and hence be appealable to this court, only after a Superior Court judge had "approved and adopted" them. See District of Columbia v. Eck, 476 A.2d 687, 689 (D.C.1984). Our holding in Kwakye as to what constitutes a meaningful "review" by a Superior Court judge of a hearing commissioner's determination establishes the reviewing process called for by the 1986 Act before an appeal may be made to this court.

We conclude in the instant case upon this record that a Superior Court judge did not review the hearing commissioner's judgment as the Act requires before defendant may invoke this court's jurisdiction. Neither the parties nor this court can by waiver evade the limitation placed by Congress upon the reach of this court's jurisdiction. See Hewsen v. Lynch, 343 A.2d 45, 47 (D.C.1975).

In sum, the Act confers upon the hearing commissioner the authority to make findings and enter final judgments in enumerated civil and criminal cases. A Superior Court judge is required to review the hearing commissioner's findings and judgment either upon request by a party or when the judge sua sponte determines so to review. The former request for review by a party must take place within ten days from the date of service or statement on the record of the judgment; the court's sua sponte review must occur within 30 days from entry of the judgment. Super.Ct.Crim.R. 117(f)(1), (2).⁴ The judge should conduct this review either upon a written summary of the...