Spurlock v. International Paper Co.

• Decision Date: 10 February 1988
• Parties: In the Matter of the Compensation of Clara J. Spurlock, Claimant. Clara J. SPURLOCK, Petitioner, v. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY, Respondent. WCB 85-03381; CA A43109.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 611

749 P.2d 611

89 Or.App. 461

In the Matter of the Compensation of Clara J. Spurlock, Claimant Clara J. SPURLOCK, Petitioner, v. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY, Respondent.

WCB 85-03381; CA A43109.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted Nov. 6, 1987.

Decided Feb. 10, 1988.

James L. Edmunson, Eugene, argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief were Malagon & Moore, Eugene, and Karen M. Werner, Eugene.

Paul Roess, Coos Bay, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Foss, Whitty & Roess, Coos Bay.

Before WARDEN, P.J., JOSEPH, C.J., ^* and VAN HOOMISSEN, J.

VAN HOOMISSEN, Judge.

Claimant seeks review of a Workers' Compensation Board order that reversed a referee's order awarding her scheduled permanent partial disability and holding that International Paper Company (IP), a self-insured employer, is responsible for payment. We review de novo and reverse.

Claimant worked for IP from 1966 to 1981 as a dryer feeder. In 1977, she experienced bilateral hand and forearm numbness. Doctor Stainsby diagnosed a carpal tunnel syndrome. She filed a claim with IP, which was accepted as non-disabling. She was laid off by IP in 1981. Later, she was employed by Georgia Pacific (GP) as a dryer feeder. The numbness increased. In 1983, she left GP and took a job managing a motel. In 1983, she had bilateral carpal tunnel surgery. She filed a claim against both GP and IP; both denied her claims. IP was found to be responsible. After the surgery, her condition improved; however, she testified that she was never totally free of numbness and pain thereafter.

In 1984, claimant moved to manage another of her employer's motels. She did maid and office work. Numbness and pain in her hands increased and interfered with her work and sleep. In 1985, she filed an aggravation claim against IP, which deferred acceptance. At the hearing, she offered evidence that her condition interfered with her maid work. That evidence was IP's first notice that she was working as a maid, and it verbally denied responsibility, contending that her present employer is responsible.

The referee found that claimant's present disability was caused by a worsening of the symptoms of the compensable carpal tunnel condition for which IP was responsible. Relying primarily on the opinion of Dr. MacCloskey, the referee found that, although claimant's motel work had aggravated the carpal tunnel condition, it had not contributed independently to the underlying pathology. Therefore, the referee held IP responsible. The Board disagreed with the referee's conclusion and reversed. Relying on the same medical evidence, it concluded that claimant's motel work had caused pathological changes and, therefore, had caused a worsening of the underlying disease. Purporting to apply the last injurious exposure rule, see Bracke v. Baza'r, 293 Or. 239, 646 P.2d 1330 (1982), the Board held that IP was not responsible for claimant's present disability. ¹

The last injurious exposure rule embodies two rules: a rule of proof and a rule of assignment of liability. See Bracke v. Baza'r, supra, 293 Or. at 245, 646 P.2d 1330. As a rule of proof, it relieves a claimant of the burden of proving specific causation as to any particular employment. The claimant need only prove that the disease was caused by an employment-related exposure. As a rule of assignment of liability, it places full responsibility for compensation with the last employer whose conditions last contributed to the "totality" of the claimant's disease. See Bracke v. Baza'r, supra, 293 Or. at 248, 646 P.2d 1330.

In Bracke, the claimant did not rely on the last injurious exposure rule as a rule of proof in making her prima facie case. Rather, she chose to prove that her disease and disability resulted from her employment with Baza'r, which was not her last employer. Baza'r asserted the rule of assignment of responsibility as a defense, arguing that the claimant's subsequent employment also could have caused her disability. The Bracke opinion noted that the last injurious exposure rule was designed primarily to benefit claimants. The court recognized, however, that employers have an interest in the consistent application of the rule, either as to proof or liability, so as to assure fair allocation of liability. See Bracke v. Baza'r, supra, 293 Or. at 249-50, 646 P.2d 1330.

The Supreme Court has ruled that, when a claimant does not rely on the rule of proof, an employer may not assert the rule of proof as a defense. See Runft v. SAIF, 303 Or. 493, 501, 739 P.2d 12 (1987); Boise Cascade Corp v. Starbuck, 296 Or. 238, 243-45, 675 P.2d 1044 (1984); Bracke v. Baza'r, supra, 293 Or. at 250 n. 5, 646 P.2d 1330. However, the rule of assignment may be asserted as a defense even when a claimant has chosen to prove actual causation, if the subsequent employment actually contributed to the worsening of an underlying disease. See Runft v. SAIF, supra, 303 Or. at 501-2, 739 P.2d 12; Bracke v. Baza'r, supra.

In Bracke, the defense was unsuccessful precisely because we had found that the claimant's subsequent employment had only activated the symptoms of the pre-existing disease. The Supreme Court explained that "the onset of disability * * * is the critical event in the application of the rules [of proof and assignment]." Bracke v. Baza'r, supra, 293 Or. at 248, 646 P.2d 1330. Liability for the disability caused by the underlying disease is fixed when...