Stancavage v. Celebrezze

• Decision Date: 09 October 1963
• Docket Number: No. 14261.,14261.
• Citation: 323 F.2d 373
• Parties: Stanley STANCAVAGE, Appellant, v. Anthony J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, United States of America.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

323 F.2d 373 (1963)

Stanley STANCAVAGE, Appellant, v. Anthony J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, United States of America.

No. 14261.

United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.

Argued May 7, 1963.

Decided October 9, 1963.

W. J. Krencewicz, Shenandoah, Pa., for appellant.

David J. McCarthy, Jr., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C. (Drew J. T. O'Keefe, U. S. Atty. for Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Joseph R. Ritchie, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty., Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for appellee.

Before McLAUGHLIN and FORMAN, Circuit Judges, and COOLAHAN, District Judge.

McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judge.

The Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, denied appellant's application under the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.A. § 401 et seq. for the establishment of a period of disability and disability insurance benefits. The district court approved that action by granting defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment. This appeal is taken from that decision.

On January 7, 1959 claimant-appellant (claimant) filed his application pursuant to Sections 216(i) and 223 of the Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §§ 416(i), 423, alleging that he had been unable to work since November 29, 1957 because of anthracosilicosis and sinus trouble. This claim was denied initially and upon reconsideration by the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance.

Claimant then requested a hearing before a hearing examiner on the evidence of record: his request stated that he had no additional evidence to submit and waived his right to appear at the hearing. Based on the documentary evidence before him the examiner denied claimant's application on May 6, 1960. The Appeals Council denied review and this action was then filed in the district court. While the civil action was pending, however, it was remanded on motion of the Secretary for the purpose of taking additional evidence as to the extent of claimant's impairment. 42 U.S.C.A. § 405(g). On the remand the Appeals Council vacated its prior denial of review and in a lengthy and detailed opinion held that claimant was not entitled to the establishment of a disability period nor to the payment of disability benefits. The district court affirmed and granted the Secretary's motion for summary judgment.

At the time claimant filed his application he was 50 or 51 years old.¹ His formal education had ended with the third grade and although he speaks and understands Polish and English he cannot read or write either language. Claimant worked 32 years as a miner in underground anthracite coal mines until November 27, 1957, when he terminated his employment because his anthracosilicosis made it impossible for him to continue work. On December 10, 1958 he was awarded workmen's compensation by the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, effective as of November 29, 1957.

Claimant stated that he first felt short-windedness in 1952, and in 1955 he had a bad attack of wind cut-off as a result of which he missed a week of work. From that date on he claimed that he started to miss days from work because of "lack of wind".² He complained primarily of coughing and short-windedness. The coughing, which has been present since about 1953, is most pronounced in the morning and he usually coughs up quite a bit of sputum. Shortness of breath on exertion has also been present for some time and gradually got worse so that claimant had to stop his work in the coal mines. Claimant stated that he got chest pain as well as shortness of breath on exertion, such as walking about two blocks. He said that by walking slowly on a level he can walk about two blocks, but he then has to stop because he gets "choked up" and gets a "grabbing tightening" pain. This is relieved by rest. In addition, claimant complained of severe headaches due to a sinus condition. A submucous resection and removal of nasal polyps had been performed on February 16, 1957 to correct a deviated thickened septum with nasal polyps. Some relief from the nose blockage was achieved by this operation, but claimant alleges that he still has headaches. Claimant's physical activities consist of "lying about" the house, taking one or two short walks a day in the neighborhood and watching television. He has not been employed anywhere since he left the mines nor has he sought employment.

Claimant was treated monthly by Dr. Moyer from November, 1957 until January 7, 1959. Upon his recommendation claimant was also given an X-ray examination in November of 1957 and on the basis of this examination and his own personal examination Dr. Moyer's diagnosis was anthracosilicosis and emphysema resulting in total and permanent disability, including a specific finding that claimant could not even do "light work of a general nature". Dr. Moyer also reported subjective symptoms of shortness of breath, impaired vital capacity and dyspnea from any exertion. The X-ray showed, inter alia, "diffuse, chronic, interstitial fibrosis throughout the greater portion of both lungs having a somewhat nodular and linear appearance and more or less evenly distributed." The roentgenologist's impression was "anthracosilicosis, moderate degree or second stage with some emphysema."

This same X-ray was also used in the examination of claimant by the doctor for the insurance carrier in the state workmen's compensation proceeding. Dr. Bierly's independent personal examination of claimant found "rales and coarse breathing in the bases of both lungs on deep breathing" and he concluded on the basis of this examination and the X-ray that claimant was "totally disabled from doing any work of a general nature" due to the severity of his anthracosilicosis.

Two reports were submitted by Dr. Stanulonis, who examined claimant for defendant. In the first report of January 27, 1959 he found (1) that serial electro-cardiograms were within normal limits and (2) that claimant had had a history of a peptic ulcer for fifteen years. His diagnoses were coronary insufficiency and peptic ulcer. The second report, dated March 14, 1959, consisted of the results of pulmonary function studies designed to determine the degree of claimant's pulmonary impairment. He found that vital capacity (VC) was 60% of predicted vital capacity; the three second timed vital capacity (TVC) was 100% of total vital capacity; and maximum breathing capacity (MBC) was 68%. His impression was "restrictive and obstructive ventilatory insufficiency." A second series of pulmonary function tests was given claimant at government expense in July 1961 subsequent to the remand by the district court. These studies, conducted by Dr. Swartz, revealed a VC of 68%; TVC of 95%; and MBC of 54.5%. His conclusion was that claimant had a moderate restrictive type of ventilatory defect. Dr. Swartz attributed the discrepancy in the MBC between the two tests to a failure on claimant's part to exert a maximal effort in doing the MBC in the second examination. If this factor is taken into consideration, these two studies would indicate that there was no significant progressive change in the pulmonary condition of claimant from 1959 to 1961.

The second recommended method of determining the degree of pulmonary impairment is by the use of blood-oxygen chemistry tests which measure the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the lung walls. These studies were performed by Dr. Pytko on August 20, 1959 and November 12, 1959 and by Dr. Swartz in July 1961. Dr. Pytko concluded that his studies "tend to rule out any significant degree of impairment of diffusion across the pulmonary membrane or the presence of any significant venous to arterial shunt." His impression was that most of claimant's distress from chest pain arose from the muscular effort required to maintain adequate ventilation and not from a coronary condition. The conclusion of Dr. Swartz with respect to the blood gas studies was that they "were within normal limits".

Extensive exercise tolerance tests were also conducted by Drs. Pytko and Swartz on three separate...