Stark v. State, No. 2000-KA-01789-SCT.

• Decision Date: 28 July 2005
• Docket Number: No. 2000-KA-01789-SCT.
• Citation: 911 So.2d 447
• Parties: Justin STARK a/k/a Justin Allen Stark v. STATE of Mississippi.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

911 So.2d 447

Justin STARK a/k/a Justin Allen Stark v. STATE of Mississippi.

No. 2000-KA-01789-SCT.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

July 28, 2005.

H. Bernard Gautier, Appellant, pro se.

Office of The Attorney General by W. Daniel Hinchcliff, attorney for appellee.

Before SMITH, C.J., CARLSON and DICKINSON, JJ.

DICKINSON, Justice, for the court.

¶ 1. This is an appeal of an aggravated assault conviction. The appellant says he was denied his constitutional and statutory rights to a speedy trial. Finding no reversible error in the record, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶ 2. On February 21, 1998, Justin Allen Stark and Robert Preston Cooper attended a party at the home of Aaron Missy. Intoxicated, Cooper passed out on Missy's living room couch and then urinated on the floor. Upon learning of this, Missy punched Cooper, knocking him to the floor. Stark then stomped on Cooper's head several times with force sufficient to render Cooper unconscious and permanently brain damaged.

¶ 3. Stark was arrested and charged with aggravated assault,¹ for which he was indicted by the Jackson County, Mississippi, Grand Jury on July 7, 1998, under file number 98-10,345 (the "345 Indictment"). However, on May 7, 1999, Stark was re-indicted under cause number 99-10,320 (the "320 Indictment") for the same incident, but with two changes in the language of the indictment.²

¶ 4. On November 8, 1999, the case proceeded to trial on the 320 Indictment. The jury found Stark guilty, and he was sentenced to fifteen years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections with three years suspended and twelve years to serve.³ Stark's motion for JNOV or in the alternative for a new trial, was denied.

¶ 5. Stark now appeals, claiming that his constitutional and statutory rights to a speedy trial were violated.

ANALYSIS

I. The Constitutional Claim

¶ 6. The Sixth⁴ and Fourteenth⁵ Amendments to the United States Constitution, along with Article 3, Section 26 of the Mississippi Constitution,⁶ guarantee a defendant the right to a speedy trial. Young v. State, 891 So.2d 813, 816 (Miss.2005); Hersick v. State, 904 So.2d 116, 120 (Miss.2004). There is no set amount of time within which a defendant must be brought to trial. Rather, the United States Supreme Court has developed a balancing test to determine whether a defendant's constitutional rights to a speedy trial have been violated. See Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972). This Court has consistently applied the Barker test in cases involving constitutional speedy trial analysis. Price v. State, 898 So.2d 641, 647-48 (Miss.2005); Young, 891 So.2d at 816; Hersick, 904 So.2d at 121.

¶ 7. The Barker test consists of four factors — (1) length of delay, (2) reason for delay, (3) the defendant's assertion of his right, and (4) prejudice to the defendant — which must be considered together and balanced. 407 U.S. at 530-32, 92 S.Ct.at 2192-93. See Taylor v. State, 672 So.2d 1246, 1258 (Miss.1996). The Barker analysis is triggered when there is a presumptively prejudicial delay. Barker, 407 U.S. at 530, 92 S.Ct. at 2192. This Court has held that any delay exceeding eight months is presumptively prejudicial. Smith v. State, 550 So.2d 406, 408 (Miss.1989). The calculation of the time elapsed begins with the defendant's arrest, indictment, or information. Smith, 550 So.2d at 408. "In short the constitutional right to a speedy trial attaches when a person has been accused." Hersick, 904 So.2d at 121 (citing Smith, 550 So.2d at 408).

¶ 8. Except for statements by counsel, the record is silent as to when Stark was arrested. Stark's counsel claims Stark's arrest took place on February 22, 1998, and that he remained incarcerated for the year and a half until trial. The State does not contest this assertion, and we shall therefore calculate the time from February 22, 1998.

¶ 9. Stark's trial began on November 8, 1999, resulting in a delay to trial of 624 days, or 20½ months. Since this exceeds eight months, it is presumptively prejudicial, requiring an analysis of the Barker factors.

1. The Length of Delay

¶ 10. Although Stark's appeal is from his conviction of the charges brought under the 320 Indictment, we must give Stark the benefit of calculating the speedy trial delay beginning with his arrest which led to the 345 Indictment, since the 320 Indictment was a rewording of the 345 Indictment and was for the same incident. As stated supra, the period between Stark's arrest and the trial was 624 days, or 20½ months. Therefore, the delay is presumptively prejudicial and requires the application of the remaining Barker factors.

2. The Reason for Delay

¶ 11. Once a delay is found to be presumptively prejudicial, the burden of proof shifts to the State to show cause for the delay. Price, 898 So.2d at 647 (citing State v. Ferguson, 576 So.2d 1252, 1254 (Miss.1991)). The Court must determine whether the delay should be charged to the State or the defendant. Brengettcy v. State, 794 So.2d 987, 993 (Miss.2001). This Court has previously held:

The burden is on the State to provide a defendant with a speedy trial. Therefore, the State bears the concomitant burden of showing that either the delay was caused by the defendant or that the delay was for a good cause. Where the State is unable to do either, this factor must be weighed against the State.

Hersick, 904 So.2d at 121 (citing Wiley v. State, 582 So.2d 1008, 1012 (Miss.1991); Smith, 550 So.2d at 409). Practical application of the holdings in Hersick, Smith and Wiley requires a subtraction of the amount of delay attributed to the defendant and "good cause" from the total period of delay. This Court has held that "good cause" is a factual finding which is not different from any other finding of fact on appeal. Such findings should be left undisturbed when based upon "substantial credible evidence" identified in the record. McGhee v. State, 657 So.2d 799, 803 (Miss.1995) (citing McNeal v. State, 617 So.2d 999, 1007 (Miss.1993); Folk v. State, 576 So.2d 1243, 1247 (Miss.1991)).

¶ 12. This Court has validated consideration of oral agreements for continuances in McGhee v. State, 657 So.2d at 805; Carson v. State, 607 So.2d 1132, 1134 (Miss.1992); and Arnett v. State, 532 So.2d 1003, 1011 (Miss.1988).⁷

Fred Lusk Testimony

¶ 13. On August 16, 1999, the trial court conducted a hearing on Stark's motion to dismiss an unrelated indictment for failure to provide him with a speedy trial.⁸ Fred Lusk, Stark's attorney, testified about numerous conversations he had with the prosecution that addressed both the unrelated indictment and the two indictments in the case sub judice. The trial settings, the agreements between Lusk and the prosecution, and the continuances granted on all of these indictments were so commingled that the trial court ordered the transcript of this hearing included in the record in the case sub judice. The trial court stated that this testimony "went to all of the cases."

¶ 14. During the hearing on Stark's motion to dismiss, Lusk provided a detailed account of his representation of Stark, including his efforts to obtain a favorable plea agreement. Lusk testified that he agreed to numerous continuances because indictments were pending on two different crimes, one of which he considered very serious.

¶ 15. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court made findings regarding the reasons for the various continuances.

Reasons for delay

¶ 16. Stark was arraigned on the 345 Indictment on September 10, 1998, and trial was set for November 23, 1998. The trial court found that Lusk agreed to continue the November 23 trial setting to January 25, 1999. Thus, this 63-day delay was attributed by the trial court to Stark.

¶ 17. The trial court next found that the January 25, 1999, trial setting was continued to March 3, 1999, because "the Court was not available and . . . Mr. Lusk agreed to a continuance." Thus, this 37-day delay was attributed to Stark and was for good cause.

¶ 18. The trial court next found that the March 3, 1999, trial setting was continued to April 20, 1999, by Lusk's agreement, and thus this 48-day delay is attributed to Stark.

¶ 19. The trial court next found that the April 20, 1999, trial setting was continued to August 23, 1999, because the prosecutor was in trial before the trial judge. Thus, this 125-day delay was attributed to good cause.

¶ 20. During the hearing, Stark's new counsel moved for a continuance of the August 23, 1999, trial setting, and the matter was reset to October 4, 1999, the first day of the October term. Thus, Stark is charged with this 42-day delay. We are given no explanation for the delay from October 4, 1999, to the beginning of trial.

¶ 21. We cannot say the trial judge abused his discretion in the findings discussed above. To the contrary, we find the trial court carefully and patiently examined the testimony and other evidence and provided Stark with ample opportunity to provide evidence that the delay was not attributable to him or good cause. According to Stark's counsel, the record in this case was "saturated" with "confusion." The trial judge's thorough analysis must be commended.

¶ 22. The trial court found a total of 315 days attributable to Stark and/or good cause. Subtracting these days from the 624 days from arrest to trial, we find the State is charged with 309 days of delay. This ten-month delay exceeds by two months the eight-month threshold for presumptive prejudice.

¶ 23. Without more, this factor would weigh in favor of Stark. However, the record reflects that during the initial delay from Stark's arrest on February 22, 1998, until his arraignment on the 345 Indictment in September, Lusk was battling another indictment for an unrelated charge of aggravated assault returned by the Jackson County Grand Jury against Stark in July 1997. Finding himself representing a client under two indictments for two separate incidents,...