Starks v. Commonwealth
| Decision Date | 29 April 2015 |
| Docket Number | SJC–11735. |
| Parties | Trevell STARKS v. COMMONWEALTH. |
| Court | United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court |
Alexei Tymoczko, West Newton, for the defendant.
Mary Lee, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
RESCRIPT.
Trevell Starks (petitioner) appeals from a judgment of a single justice of this court denying relief on his petition filed pursuant to G.L. c. 211, § 3
. We affirm.
The petition concerns the sentences imposed on the petitioner on June 5, 2012, in the Superior Court following his convictions of assault and battery on a police officer (two counts), resisting arrest, disturbing the peace, and disorderly conduct. He was sentenced to two consecutive terms of two and one-half years each in a house of correction on the convictions of assault and battery on a police officer. He received a consecutive suspended sentence of two and one-half years in a house of correction on the resisting arrest conviction, and terms of probation on the remaining convictions. More than twenty months later, on February 28, 2014, the petitioner filed a motion with the Appellate Division of the Superior Court requesting that the Appellate Division accept an appeal of his house of correction sentences. See G.L. c. 278, §§ 28A
–28C. He claimed that failure to accept the appeal would violate his rights under art. 1 of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Appellate Division denied the petitioner's motion. His petition under G.L. c. 211, § 3, followed.1
, limits the jurisdiction of the Appellate Division to the “review of sentences to the state prison imposed by final judgments in criminal cases ... and [to] the review of sentences to the reformatory for women for terms of more than five years imposed by final judgments in such criminal cases.” The petitioner contends that G.L. c. 278, § 28A, violates equal protection guarantees because it permits both men and women to appeal State prison sentences to the Appellate Division and, on its face, permits women to appeal sentences to a reformatory for women for terms exceeding five years, but has no comparable provision for men sentenced to a house of correction for more than five years. We rejected a similar argument in Commonwealth v. Alfonso, 449 Mass. 738, 871 N.E.2d 1066 (2007), and, for essentially the same reasons, reject the petitioner's argument here.
The historic distinction “between felony sentences to the reformatory for women and felony sentences to the State prison was based on circumstances and legislative schemes that are no longer operative.” Id. at 744, 871 N.E.2d 1066
.2 As we observed in Alfonso, “[i]n 1993, the Legislature enacted comprehensive sentencing reform
that included measures to abolish gender distinctions in sentencing.” Id. at 739, 871 N.E.2d 1066
. Among other things, the legislation “repealed various portions of the General Laws that authorized gender distinctions in sentencing, as well as repealing indeterminate sentences and reformatory sentences.” Id. at 739 n. 1, 871 N.E.2d 1066
.
We must construe G.L. c. 278, § 28A
, in light of the sentencing reform amendments enacted in 1993, Alfonso, supra at 739–740, 871 N.E.2d 1066, and conclude, as we did in Alfonso, that the “reformatory for women” clause is a “historical artifact designed to address the disparate sentencing structure that once existed for men and women.” Id. at 744 & n. 13, 871 N.E.2d 1066. Whether a sentence is presently appealable to the Appellate Division therefore turns on whether the sentence is a felony sentence to the State prison—more precisely, “whether the facts necessary for conviction or the length of the sentence make it evident that the sentence is a ‘state prison’ sentence,” id. at 745–746, 871 N.E.2d 1066 —and not on any differing treatment between men and women or on the phraseology of a particular sentencing order or mittimus. Id.
The petitioner attempts to capitalize on a statement we made in Alfonso, that “the portion of G.L. c. 278, § 28A
, pertaining to appeals by women remains operative.” Id. at 745, 871 N.E.2d 1066. He reads that statement out of context, however. The single justice correctly understood that the statement was made in the context of deciding that women, like men, may appeal to the Appellate Division from a State prison sentence of any length. We did not, and do not, construe the statute to give women greater or...
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