State ex rel. Chisholm v. District Court of Seventeenth Judicial Dist. In and For Valley County

• Decision Date: 30 December 1986
• Docket Number: No. 86-190,86-190
• Citation: 731 P.2d 324,224 Mont. 441,43 St.Rep. 2317
• Parties: STATE, ex rel., Thomas and Donald CHISHOLM, Relators, v. The DISTRICT COURT OF the SEVENTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT of the State of Montana, In and For the COUNTY OF VALLEY, the Hon. R.C. McDonough, the District Judge Presiding, Respondents.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

Page 324

731 P.2d 324

224 Mont. 441

STATE, ex rel., Thomas and Donald CHISHOLM, Relators, v. The DISTRICT COURT OF the SEVENTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT of the State of Montana, In and For the COUNTY OF VALLEY, the Hon. R.C. McDonough, the District Judge Presiding Respondents.

No. 86-190.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted Sept. 9, 1986.

Decided Dec. 30, 1986.

Erik B. Thueson, Great Falls, for relators.

Habedank, Cumming, Best, Maltese & Savage; Robert Savage argued ,Sidney, Russell McDonough, Dist. Court Judge, Glendive, for respondents.

HARRISON, Justice.

This case is before the Court on a petition for a writ of mandamus pursuant to Sec. 27-26-101, MCA, Art. VII, Sec. 2 of the Montana Constitution which allows a petition of supervisory control, and Rule 17, M.R.App.Civ.P., which allows the issuance of extraordinary writs when there is not a speedy and adequate remedy by appeal. We decline to issue the writ.

The relators (Chisholms) filed a suit against Nelson Corscadden for conversion in the District Court of the Seventeenth Judicial District, in and for Valley County, Montana. Before the case came to trial, Corscadden filed for bankruptcy. Chisholms then filed a complaint against First National Bank of Glasgow, Montana, in the same court. The complaint alleging the Bank secretly conspired to deprive them of their property rights in certain property which is the subject of the action against Corscadden. Subsequently, Chisholms petitioned the bankruptcy court to abstain from asserting jurisdiction to allow them to proceed against Corscadden, but the court refused.

Shortly before the trial against the Bank was scheduled to begin, the Bank moved the District Court for partial summary judgment as to ownership of any disputed property. The District Court abstained from asserting jurisdiction over the issue of ownership, but refused to grant summary judgment unless Chisholms "diligently" refused to pursue an action in the bankruptcy court to determine ownership.

It is from this order the petition for writ ensued, asking us to order the District Court to withdraw its order and reschedule the trial of Chisholm v. First National of Glasgow.

A writ of mandamus "is an extraordinary remedy, not to be had merely for the asking, but to be obtained only in those rare cases wherein there is not any plain speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law; ..." State ex rel. Duggan v. District Court (1922), 65 Mont. 197, 199, 210 P. 1062, 1063. "[A] writ will issue only when there has been a showing that a clear legal duty exists and there is no speedy or adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law." State ex rel. Intake Water Co. v. Board of Natural Resources and Conservation (1982), 197 Mont. 482, 487, 645 P.2d 383, 386; Cain v. Department of Health (1978), 177 Mont. 448, 451, 582 P.2d 332, 334; Sec. 27-26-102(2), MCA.

In determining whether action by a court or judge may be compelled by the writ of mandate, the essential questions to be decided are, whether the act sought to be compelled is one "which the law specially enjoins as a duty resulting from an office, trust or station," ... and whether there is "a plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law." ... A negative answer to the first question bars the issuance of the writ, and, irrespective of the answer to that question, an affirmative answer to the second, divests the court of authority to issue it.

State ex rel. County of Musselshell v. District Court (1931), 89 Mont. 531, 534, 300 P. 235, 236. Although an affirmative answer to the second question is dispositive, we note the District Court has a clear legal duty not to hear a case over which it has no jurisdiction.

More importantly, however, Chisholms have not shown they do not have a plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law. They were directed by the bankruptcy court to file an adversary complaint in the bankruptcy court, which they have failed to do.

They argue their remedy against Corscadden in bankruptcy court is limited, since he is bankrupt and there are several other creditors involved. A determination of ownership of the property by the bankruptcy court, however, does not preclude a remedy against the Bank. If it is determined the property belongs to Chisholms, they can proceed with their action against the Bank in state court. If it is determined the property belongs to Corscadden, Chisholms have the right of appeal from the bankruptcy court's order; and may proceed in state court on allegations of the complaint not based upon the title to the disputed property.

Chisholms' argument they will not be afforded due process of law under the bankruptcy court's procedure is without merit. Provision for jury trials appears in the bankruptcy court's rules, Federal statutes, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1480, and case law. The dispute between Chisholms and Corscadden arises from the alleged breach of a written contract.

[I]n actions sounding in account and contract there is a right to a jury trial under the seventh amendment to the Constitution. Matter of Kakolewski, 29 B.R. 572 (Bankr.D.Mo.1983). Actions to establish liability on a debt require a jury trial. In re Lamb 29 B.R. 950, (Bankr.E.D.Tenn.1983). In an action for breach of contract, a defendant has the right to have a jury determine whether the contract has been breached, and, if so, what are the damages. Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Wood, 369 U.S. 469, 82 S.Ct. 894, 8 L.Ed.2d 44, (1961). In Dairy Queen the relief requested was purely equitable--an injunction and an accounting. However, because the basis of the action was a claim for breach of contract it was legal in nature, warranting trial. Id., at 479, 82 S.Ct. at 900.

In Re Energy Resources Co., Inc. (1985), 49 B.R. 278, 282. See also Beacon Theaters, Inc. v. Westover (1959), 359 U.S. 500, 79 S.Ct. 948, 3 L.Ed.2d 988....