State ex rel. Mulligan v. Department of Health & Social Services

• Citation: 273 N.W.2d 290,86 Wis.2d 517
• Decision Date: 09 January 1979
• Docket Number: No. 76-177,76-177
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Wisconsin
• Parties: STATE ex rel. Barry C. MULLIGAN, Petitioner-Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL SERVICES, State of Wisconsin, Respondent.

Page 290

273 N.W.2d 290

86 Wis.2d 517

STATE ex rel. Barry C. MULLIGAN, Petitioner-Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & SOCIAL SERVICES, State of Wisconsin Respondent.

No. 76-177.

Supreme Court of Wisconsin.

Argued Oct. 31, 1978.

Decided Jan. 9, 1979.

Richard M. Sals, Asst. State Public Defender, (argued), for petitioner-appellant; Howard B. Eisenberg, State Public Defender, on brief.

James H. Petersen, Asst. Atty. Gen., (argued), for respondent; Bronson C. La Follette, Atty. Gen., on brief.

ABRAHAMSON, Justice.

This is an appeal from a judgment affirming a decision of the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services to revoke the probation of Barry Charles Mulligan. We affirm the judgment.

Mulligan was found guilty of indecent behavior with a child contrary to sec. 944.11(2), Stats., and was sentenced to a prison term not to exceed eight years. Sentence was stayed, and Mulligan was placed on four years' probation to the Milwaukee County Adult Probation Department. In December, 1973, the trial court transferred Mulligan to the custody of the Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS).

The record shows that Mulligan was an alcohol abuser. While in the custody of the Milwaukee County Adult Probation Department he was frequently arrested and fined for drunkenness. It appears that on the advice of a counselor with the Milwaukee Alcoholic Rehabilitation Services, Mulligan voluntarily committed himself for three weeks of treatment.

Shortly after he was transferred to the custody of DHSS, Mulligan signed a standard-form probation agreement to which his probation agent had appended two special conditions: (1) "I will not partake of any alcoholic beverages unless so directed by a licensed physician; (2) I will maintain my residence at Dunbar House (a half-way house) I will first request permission to move from the agent should I wish to move out." On January 27, 1974, less than a month after signing the agreement, Mulligan was hospitalized in a comatose state, purportedly having ingested barbiturates and alcohol. On the basis of Mulligan's admission that he had had a few drinks, his probation agent recommended that probation be revoked for violation of the condition of probation. Mulligan was accorded both a "probable cause" preliminary hearing and a full hearing at which he was represented by counsel. Mulligan's defense was that he had not violated the no-alcohol condition. He denied telling his probation agent that he had drunk beer, and he asserted that his behavior must have been the result of his ingestion of a combination of antabuse and a prescribed hiccup medicine containing alcohol. He was unable to produce a prescription for the medicine. The DHSS revoked Mulligan's probation on the ground that Mulligan had consumed alcohol in violation of his probation agreement. ¹

Mulligan sought review of the revocation order by means of a petition for writ of certiorari directed to the sentencing court. State ex rel. Johnson v. Cady, 50 Wis.2d 540, 549, 550, 185 N.W.2d 306 (1971). The trial court upheld the probation revocation.

On appeal Mulligan asserts that it was a violation of his constitutional rights (Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments) to impose as a condition of his probation that he not partake of alcoholic beverages without providing him with treatment for chronic alcoholism. He contends that imposing a no-alcohol condition of probation on a chronic alcoholic and revoking probation when the alcoholic yields to his irresistible compulsion to drink amounts to punishment for being ill, contrary to the principles established in Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660, 82 S.Ct. 1417, 8 L.Ed.2d 758 (1962), ² and Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514, 88 S.Ct. 2145, 20 L.Ed.2d 1254 (1968). ³ Mulligan relies on Sweeney v. United States, 353 F.2d 10 (7th Cir. 1965), in which the Court of Appeals held that conditioning probation on abstinence would be unreasonable if it were impossible for the probationer to comply with the condition. ⁴ In Sweeney, the court found evidence in the record that the trial court knew of the probationer's history of chronic alcoholism and was aware of the possible pathological nature of alcoholism. The court remanded the case to the trial court with directions to conduct a hearing. At the hearing expert testimony presumably would be taken on the question of whether it was possible for Sweeney to refrain from drinking. ⁵

The facts before the court in the case at bar, however, do not require that we decide today whether it is unconstitutional to revoke the probationary status of one who has a condition or disease which makes it impossible for him to refrain from complying with a no-alcohol condition of probation. While there is in the record evidence that Mulligan habitually abused alcohol, there is no showing that Mulligan was a chronic alcoholic, that is, that he was an "involuntary drinker," that his self-determination and will power were wholly destroyed and that he was unable to control his use of alcohol. ⁶ Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. at 518, 88 S.Ct. 2145. Mulligan did not introduce any expert testimony as to his being a chronic alcoholic. State v. Freiberg, 35 Wis.2d 480, 484, 151 N.W.2d 1 (1967). Moreover there is no evidence that at the time the special condition was imposed the probation agent believed or had reason to believe that Mulligan's drinking was non-volitional and uncontrollable. Mulligan did not protest the imposition of the condition or suggest to the agent that it would be impossible for him to abide by it. Although the record is not entirely clear on this point, it appears that Mulligan had recently completed treatment for his alcoholic problem, and thus the decision to impose the special condition may have been especially timely. The no-alcohol condition was reasonable in view of the fact that Mulligan's troubles with the law, including the felony conviction, were alcohol related. Mulligan made no attempt at the revocation hearing to show that he was pathologically...