State Highway Dept. v. Noble

• Court: Georgia Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: Eugene Cook, Atty. Gen., Richard L. Chambers, E. J. Summerour, Asst. Attys. Gen., Atlanta, Asa D. Kelley, Deputy Asst. Atty. Gen., Albany; HEAD
• Citation: State Highway Dept. v. Noble, 139 S.E.2d 318, 220 Ga. 410 (Ga. 1964)
• Decision Date: 06 November 1964
• Docket Number: No. 22639,22639
• Parties: STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT v. W. W. NOBLE.

Page 318

139 S.E.2d 318

220 Ga. 410

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT v. W. W. NOBLE.

No. 22639.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

Nov. 6, 1964.

Syllabus by the Court

The Act of 1953 (Ga.L.1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., pp. 342-343, Code Ann. § 3-512) is not applicable to an appeal pending in the superior court from an award of assessors in a condemnation proceeding.

Eugene Cook, Atty. Gen., Richard L. Chambers, E. J. Summerour, Asst. Attys. Gen., Atlanta, Asa D. Kelley, Deputy Asst. Atty. Gen., Albany, J. Lundie Smith, Deputy Asst. Atty. Gen., Valdosta, for plaintiff in error.

Hugh D. Wright, Edward Parrish, Adel, for defendant in error.

HEAD, Presiding Justice.

The State Highway Department, alleging that it was acting for and on behalf of the State of Georgia, filed a condemnation proceeding against W. W. Noble under the provisions of Code Chapter 36-11. Assessors were named and filed their award. The judge of the superior court entered a judgment declaring the lands to be condemned in fee simple upon payment of the award, and on the same date the money was paid into court. On April 7, 1959, the State Highway Department filed its appeal to a jury in the superior court.

Chapter 36-11 of the Code, under which the condemnation proceeding was filed, provides (in § 36-1110) that the right of appeal shall lie from the award of the assessors to a jury in the superior court in the same manner as provided by Chapter 36-6, which pertains to appeals in condemnation cases. Code § 36-601 provides that either party within ten days from the time the award is filed may appeal to the superior court in the county where the award is filed, and that 'at the term succeeding the filing of the appeal, it shall be the duty of the judge to cause an issue to be made and tried by a jury as to the value of the property taken or the amount of damage done,' with the same right to move for a new trial and filed a bill of exceptions as in other cases at law. The appeal of the State Highway Department was not tried at the next term of the court, although it appeared on the calendar for that term (as appears from the record) along with approximately 140 other cases. Approximately 40 of the cases were appeals by the State Highway Department in condemnation cases. The record discloses that the State, by action of the Governor and the Attorney General, had employed able counsel to represent the State in the prosecution of these appeals, and that counsel for the State Highway Department was ready, able, and willing to try the present case at any subsequent term of the court, and even sought a special term of the court for the disposition of it and other condemnation appeals. No trial was had and no action was taken in the present case, and on June 8, 1964, the trial judge passed an order reciting that the condemnee had moved that the appeal of the condemnor be dismissed for the reason that there had been no written order in the case since the filing of the appeal, and that it 'is, therefore, considered, ordered and adjudged that said above captioned case [State Highway Department of Georgia v. W. W. Noble] be dismissed under the provisions of Code Section 3-512.'

The State Highway Department filed its equitable petition to vacate the order of dismissal and to reinstate its appeal. In this petition the Act of 1953 (Ga.L.1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., pp. 342-343, Code Ann. § 3-512) was attacked on a number of Constitutional grounds. After a hearing the trial judge passed an order denying the application to reinstate the appeal. The exception is to this judgment.

By an Act approved December 22, 1953 (Ga.L.1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., pp. 342, 343, Code Ann. § 3-512) the General Assembly provided for the dismissal of suits. Section 1 of that Act is as follows: 'From and after the passage and approval of this Act, any suit filed in any of the courts of this State in which no written order is taken for a period of five years the same shall automatically stand dismissed with costs to be taxed against the party plaintiff. For the purposes of this bill an order of continuance will be deemed an order.'

In City of Clamblee v. Village of North Atlanta, 217 Ga. 517, 523, 123 S.E.2d 663, 667, Mr. Justice Grice, writing for the full court, in regard to this Act stated: 'The legislature's intention, as we view it was to remove from trial courts those cases whose continued pendency, only clutter the dockets.' In Swint v. Smith, 219 Ga. 532, 534, 134 S.E.2d 595, 597, Mr. Justice Mobley stated for the full court that the Act served the 'dual purpose of preventing court records from becoming cluttered by unresolved and inactive litigation and protecting litigants from dilatory counsel,' and its enactment was 'a declaration of the General Assembly that it is in the public interest to remove from court records litigation which has been inactive for a period of five years.' In neither City of Chamblee v. Village of North Atlanta, supra, nor Swint v. Smith, supra, was the issue before the court that is presented by the present case.

The judgment of condemnation was entered more than five years prior to the order of dismissal, and had become final. In so far as the order of the judge by reference to 'said above captioned case' purports to dismiss the condemnation proceedings, such order is void and of no effect. It was beyond the power of the court to dismiss a proceeding which had terminated in a final judgment unappealed from and unreversed. Whether or not the appeal by the State Highway Department from the assessors' award to a jury in the superior court could be dismissed, is the issue now before this court.

The Act of 1953 (Ga.L.1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., pp. 342-343, Code Ann. § 3-512) does not purport by its terms to apply to all proceedings in the courts of this State. Its application is limited to 'any suit.' Chapters 81-1 and 81-2 of the Code provide how suits are commenced, and none of the provisions of these chapters relating to the commencement of a suit are applicable to an appeal from an award of assessors in a condemnation proceeding, where a final judgment has been rendered and only the appeal to a jury in the superior court from the assessors' award is pending, nor is an appeal from an award of assessors to a jury in the superior court in a condemnation proceeding a suit within the provisions of Code § 85-1802. Black's Law Dictionary, 3d ed., p. 122, defines an appeal as: 'The removal of a cause from a court of inferior to one of superior jurisdiction, for the purpose of obtaining a review and retrial.'

The General Assembly at the time of the passage of the 1953 Act must be presumed to have known the provisions of the Code (Chapters 81-1 and 81-2) with reference to the commencement...