State Of N.M. v. Yaw
| Decision Date | 14 September 2010 |
| Docket Number | No. 29,528,No. 29,529,29,529,29,528 |
| Parties | STATE OF NEW MEXICO, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. KENNETH YAW, Defendant-Appellant. and STATE OF NEW MEXICO, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RITA STARCESKI, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | Court of Appeals of New Mexico |
Gary K. King, Attorney General; Margaret E. McLean, Assistant Attorney General; Joel Jacobsen, Assistant Attorney General; Santa Fe, NM for Appellee
Michael L. Stout; Las Cruces, NM for Appellant Yaw
David C. Serna Albuquerque, NM for Appellant Starceski.
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DONA ANA COUNTY
OPINION
{1} These separate interlocutory appeals arise from the district court's denial of Defendants' joint motion to dismiss their indictments. Defendants raise two issues on appeal: (1) the district court erred in determining that it was unable to grant the relief Defendants sought; and (2) the grand jury judge failed to enforce NMSA 1978, Section 31-6-11(B) (2003) through the procedures outlined in Jones v. Murdoch, 2009-NMSC-002, 145 N.M. 473, 200 P.3d 523. Because the district court did not have the power to grant the relief Defendants seek, we affirm. We write in a single opinion deciding both appeals.
{2} Defendants, Kenneth Yaw and Rita Starceski, husband and wife, were arrested and indicted on six counts of child abuse in violation of NMSA 1978, Section 30-6-1(D) (2009). The charges stemmed from instances of locking several of their children in their garage as punishment for various rules violations and for sending several of their children to live in a trailer far from the family residence for approximately two weeks for stealing money in an attempt to purchase clothing and enroll in public school.
{3} After Defendants were issued target notices, but before the grand jury proceeding, Defendant Yaw sent a letter to the prosecutor serving as the grand jury aide, requesting that the prosecutor allow the grand jury to hear testimony from the children. The letter indicated that the children would testify that the garage in which they were confined had sufficient provisions, that any punishment the children had received from Defendants was appropriate and not cruel, and that Defendant Starceski's father would also testify about Defendants' parenting. The prosecutor did not comply with Defendant Yaw's request. Defendant Yaw then moved the grand jury judge to order the prosecutor to present such evidence to the grand jury. Defendant Starceski joined in this motion.
{4} On October 1, 2008, the grand jury judge held a hearing to consider whether Section 31-6-11(B) compelled him to order the prosecutor to present Defendant Yaw's proffered evidence. The grand jury judge ruled that Section 31-6-11(B) did not compel him to order that the prosecutor offer any piece of evidence to the grand jury and did not remove from the prosecutor the wide discretion granted to him in decisions regarding the presentation of evidence to the grand jury. The grand jury judge held that the proper remedy for Defendantswas to move to quash the indictment if and when the grand jury issued one and to raise the issue of a potential violation of Section 31-6-11(B) at that time. The grand jury indicted each Defendant on six counts of intentional child abuse in violation of Section 30-6-1(D). Defendants moved to dismiss the indictment in the district court, renewing their argument that the grand jury judge incorrectly applied Section 31-6-11(B). After the grand jury issued its indictment, but before the district court heard Defendants' motion to dismiss, our Supreme Court decided Jones. Jones outlined the procedures for resolving disputes between grand jury targets and prosecutors when targets wish evidence to be presented to the grand jury in accordance with Section 31-6-11(B). Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, ¶ 35.
{5} On appeal, Defendants argue that the district court erred in ruling that Defendants did not have a right to vindicate their rights under Section 31-6-11(B) through a motion to quash the indictment. Defendants further argue that the grand jury judge erred by failing to enforce the procedures for enforcing Section 31-6-11(B) as articulated in Jones. We hold that the district court was correct in concluding that Defendants could not receive relief through a motion to quash the indictment and affirm. Because we hold that the district court did not have the power to review the grand jury judge's enforcement of Section 31-6-11(B), we do not address Defendants' arguments concerning the application of that statute.
{6} Whether Defendants have a right to post-indictment review depends on statutory interpretation of Section 31-6-11(B). Statutory interpretation presents a question of law, which this Court reviews de novo. State v. Myers, 2010-NMCA-007, ¶ 30, 147 N.M. 574, 226 P.3d 673, cert. granted, 2010-NMCERT-001, __ N.M. _, 227 P.3d 1056. Section 31-6-11(B) provides:
It is the duty of the grand jury to weigh all the evidence submitted to it, and when it has reason to believe that other lawful, competent and relevant evidence is available that would disprove or reduce a charge or accusation or that would make an indictment unjustified, then it shall order the evidence produced. At least twenty-four hours before grand jury proceedings begin, the target or his counsel may alert the grand jury to the existence of evidence that would disprove or reduce an accusation or that would make an indictment unjustified, by notifying the prosecuting attorney who is assisting the grand jury in writing regarding the existence of that evidence.
In Jones, our Supreme Court set forth a pre-indictment remedy for enforcement of a target's right to offer evidence to the grand jury as allowed by Section 31-6-11(B). Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, ¶ 35. If a prosecutor wishes to prevent the grand jury from accessing the evidence proffered by the grand jury target, "the prosecutor must file a motion with the grand jury judge, with notice to the target, seeking confirmation of the prosecutor's decision not to call the witness or not to inquire into the subject matter proposed by the target." Id. At this hearing, the prosecutor has the burden of persuading the grand jury judge that theevidence in question is not "lawful, competent and relevant" as required by Section 31-6-11. Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, ¶ 39 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
{7} Normally, New Mexico courts cannot review the evidence presented during grand jury proceedings after indictment absent a showing of bad faith on the part of the prosecutor. See § 31-6-11(A) (); State v. Chance, 29 N.M. 34, 39, 221 P. 183, 184-85 (1923) (). This Court has previously applied this principle in refusing to review a prosecutor's refusal to present exculpatory evidence to the grand jury. State v. McGill, 89 N.M. 631, 633, 556 P.2d 39, 41 (Ct. App. 1976) ().
{8} Defendants argue that the existence of a pre-indictment enforcement mechanism in Jones also creates a right to post-indictment review of grand jury proceedings to ensure that the mechanism is properly applied. They argue that review for the proper application is distinct from review of the evidence before the grand jury, such that reviewing for compliance with Section 31-6-11(B) does not conflict with Section 31-6-11(A). However, the nature of the remedy fashioned in Jones indicates that our Supreme Court did not believe that Section 31-6-11(B) allowed for post-indictment review of the grand jury proceedings. In reaching its conclusion that a pre-indictment procedure was necessary to fulfill the purposes of Section 31-6-11(B), the Court specifically rejected the state's contention that a post-indictment motion to quash the indictment would be an adequate remedy for grand jury targets whose evidence was excluded by the prosecutor. Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, \ 18. The Court reasoned, in part, that any post-indictment review of the application of Section 31-6-11(B) would, by its nature, be a review of the evidence before the grand jury at the time of the indictment and that, as a consequence, the district court would only be able to quash the indictment if the defendant made an additional showing of bad faith on the part of the prosecutor. Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, ¶ 19; Section 31-6-11(A). The Court acknowledged that this need for a showing of bad faith on the part of the prosecutor would make it much more difficult for defendants to vindicate their rights under Section 31-6-11(B). Jones, 2009-NMSC-002, ¶ 19.
{9} This analysis by the Court indicates that the Court envisioned that post-indictment review for violations of Section 31-6-11(B) would be treated like any other post-indictment review of the evidence before the grand jury at the time of the indictment as laid out in Section 31-6-11(A). Review would therefore be unavailable to Defendants absent a showing of bad faith on the part of the prosecutor in the presentation of evidence to the grand jury.
See § 31-6-11(A). Defendants do not argue on appeal that there was prosecutorial bad faith, and, as a result, post-indictment review of the evidence before the grand jury would not...
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