State v. Arnold

• Decision Date: 23 September 1975
• Docket Number: No. 36592,36592
• Citation: State v. Arnold, 528 S.W.2d 164 (Mo. App. 1975)
• Parties: STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Royce T. ARNOLD, Defendant-Appellant. . Louis District, Division Three
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 164

528 S.W.2d 164

STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Royce T. ARNOLD, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 36592.

Missouri Court of Appeals, St. Louis District, Division Three.

Sept. 23, 1975.

John C. Danforth, Atty. Gen., Preston Dean, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, Charles B. Blackmar, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Brendan Ryan, Circuit Atty., St. Louis, for defendant-appellant.

Henry G. Philip, Jeffrey Shank, Asst. Public Defenders, Charles D. Kitchin, Public Defender, St. Louis, for plaintiff-respondent.

GUNN, Judge.

Defendant Royce Arnold appeals his conviction and five year sentence for stealing from a dwelling house. Defendant maintains that an in-court identification of defendant by a prosecution witness was based on an unduly suggestive lineup and was therefore improper. We disagree and affirm the conviction.

The State's key witness to the crime was Kenneth Churchill. Mr. Churchill testified that in midmorning he observed the defendant, who was wearing a dark brown jacket and trousers similar to those worn by a service station attendant, park his car across the street from Mr. Churchill's apartment building and enter into his neighbor's backyard which adjoined Mr. Churchill's apartment building. It was Mr. Churchill's testimony that defendant passed within six to eight feet in front of Mr. Churchill; that he saw defendant exit from his neighbor's apartment carrying a portable television set; that defendant entered the automobile with the television set and sped away.

On the same day of the crime Mr. Churchill gave a detailed description of the defendant to the police and also of the automobile used in arriving and departing from the scene of the crime. Shortly thereafter, the defendant was arrested while driving an automobile bearing the same license plate numbers and carrying the same description as supplied to the police by Mr. Churchill.

Two days after the burglary Mr. Churchill made a positive and unhesitant identification of defendant at a police lineup. At the lineup, defendant was wearing a dark brown jacket and trousers similar to the clothing which Mr. Churchill described was being worn by the perpetrator of the theft of the television set. At trial Mr. Churchill made a courtroom identification of defendant as the person he had seen leaving his neighbor's apartment, and defendant argues that since he was wearing dark brown clothing--the same as that worn by the offender--that the identification of defendant by Mr. Churchill was the result of an unduly suggestive lineup.

Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 87 S.Ct. 1967, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199 (1967) and Simmons v. U.S., 390 U.S. 377, 88 S.Ct. 967, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247 (1968), require us to look at the 'totality of the circumstances' to determine whether identification procedures are unduly suggestive. And Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188, 93 S.Ct. 375, 34 L.Ed.2d 401 (1972), sets forth the factors to be considered in evaluating whether under the totality of the circumstances the identification procedures were unduly suggestive:

'(T)he opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime, the witness' degree of attention, the accuracy of witness' prior description of the criminal, the level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation, and the length of time between the crime and the confrontation.' 409 U.S. at 199, 93 S.Ct. at 382.

Similarly, the Missouri courts in determining whether identification procedures have violated due process consider the presence of an...