State v. Atwood
Citation | 171 Ariz. 576,832 P.2d 593 |
Decision Date | 09 April 1992 |
Docket Number | No. CR-87-0135-AP,CR-87-0135-AP |
Parties | STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Frank Jarvis ATWOOD, Appellant. |
Court | Supreme Court of Arizona |
Grant Woods, Atty. Gen. by Bruce M. Ferg, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tucson, for appellee.
Carla G. Ryan, Tucson, for appellant.
TABLE OF CONTENTS DISPOSITION ........................ 591 ISSUES PRESENTED ON DIRECT APPEAL .. 591 ISSUES PRESENTED ON CROSS-APPEAL ... 592 THE LENGTH OF THIS OPINION ......... 592 FACTS .............................. 592 I. The Disappearance ............ 592 II. The Preliminary Investigation 592 III. The Suspect .................. 593 IV. The Arrest ................... 593 V. The Charges Against Defendant ....................................... 594 VI. The Case Against Defendant .......................................... 594 A. The Sightings ................................................. 595 B. The Scientific Evidence ....................................... 595 C. The Defendant's Actions and Statements ........................ 595 D. The Evidence of Motive ........................................ 596
DISCUSSION OF ISSUES PRESENTED ON DIRECT APPEAL
1. Sufficiency of Evidence to Support the Convictions .................. 596 A. The Kidnapping ................................................ 597 B. The Murder .................................................... 598 2. Alleged Ineffective Assistance of Counsel ........................... 599 3. Eyewitness Identifications .......................................... 602 A. Media Exposure ................................................ 602 B. Other Pretrial Viewings ....................................... 603 4. Denial of Exhumation ................................................ 604 5. Alleged Prosecutorial and Police Misconduct ......................... 605 A. Alleged Investigative Misconduct 1. Burial of Victim's Remains ............................. 605 2. Police Investigation ................................... 605 3. The "Cuckoo File" ...................................... 606 B. Alleged Misconduct Before the Grand Jury ...................... 607 C. Alleged Prosecutorial Contact with the Media .................. 607 D. Alleged Trial Misconduct ...................................... 608 1. Witness's Reference to Polygraph ....................... 608 2. Emotional Witness ...................................... 609 3. Testimony of Victim's Mother ........................... 609 4. Testimony Concerning Underpants Found Near Victim's Remains .............................................. 609 5. Comments Made by Prosecutor ............................ 610 6. Consolidation and Severance ......................................... 611 7. Defendant's Arrest, Detention and Interrogation, and the Searches of Defendant's Car A. The Arrest .................................................... 613 B. The Detention and Interrogation ............................... 615 C. The Searches .................................................. 616 1. The First Search ....................................... 616 2. The Second Search ...................................... 618 D. Defendant's Statements to the FBI ............................. 618 8. Defendant's Motion for Continuance .................................. 620 9. Jury Selection ...................................................... 621 10. "Death Qualification" of Jury ....................................... 624 11. Jury Instructions ................................................... 624 A. Kidnapping Instruction ........................................ 624 B. Felony Murder Instruction ..................................... 625 C. Unanimous Verdict Instruction ................................. 625 D. Denial of Willits Instructions ................................ 626 E. Denial of Unlawful Imprisonment Instruction ................... 628 F. Denial of Instructions on Lesser Included Offenses of First Degree Murder ............................................... 629 12, 13 and 14. Publicity and the Jury ..................................... 630 15. Publicity and Fair Trial ............................................ 630 16. Courtroom Decorum ................................................... 633 17. Evidentiary Rulings ................................................. 634 A. Defendant's Statements 1. Defendant's Story ...................................... 635 2. Defendant's Statement on the Telephone ................. 636 B Defendant's Letter and Statements to Ernest Bernsienne 637 C Testimony of Paul Larmour 639 D Testimony of Sam Hall 640 E Limitation on Cross-Examination of James Corby 640 F Admission of Defendant's Knives 641 G. Admission of Underpants 642 H. Videotapes of Defendant in Custody 643 18. The Death Sentence .................................................. 645 A. Constitutionality of Arizona's Death Penalty Statute .......... 646 B. Defendant's 1975 Conviction for Lewd and Lascivious Conduct as an Aggravating Circumstance .............................. 646 C. The Trial Court's Finding of No Mitigating Circumstances under A.R.S. § 13-703(G) .................................... 648 1. The Trial Court's Felony Murder Instruction ........... 648 a. The Felony Murder Instruction ..................... 648 b. The Trial Judge's Failure to Make Specific Enmund/McDaniel Findings ........................ 649 2. Defendant's Heavy Drug Use ............................. 650 3. Defendant's Demeanor During Trial ...................... 651 4. Defendant's Parents' Support ........................... 652 5. The Cause of the Victim's Death Was Not Established .... 652 6. Defendant's Age ........................................ 652 7. Lingering Doubt of Guilt ............................... 653 8. Defendant's Cooperation at the Time of His Arrest ...... 653 9. Defendant's Sympathy for the Victim's Family ........... 653 10. Defendant's I.Q......................................... 653 11. Defendant's Concern for His Parents .................... 654 12. Defendant's Lack of a Violent Prior Record ............. 654 13. Defendant's Not Causing His Prior Felonies ............. 655 14. Defendant's Adjustment to Incarceration andHis Adoption of New Goals ................................ 655 D. Victim Impact Evidence ........................................ 655 E. Conclusion .................................................... 657 19. The Kidnapping Sentence ............................................. 657 20. Computerization of the Record ....................................... 657 21. Limitation on Length of Defendant's Opening Brief ................... 658 DISCUSSION OF ISSUES PRESENTED ON CROSS-APPEAL ............................ 659 22. The Informant's Testimony ........................................... 659 23. The Especially Heinous, Cruel, or Depraved Aggravating Circumstance . 660 24. The Rule in Gillies ................................................. 660 CONCLUSION ................................................................ 660 SPECIAL CONCURRENCE by Chief Justice Feldman .............................. 660 SPECIAL CONCURRENCE by Justice Corcoran ................................... 660 I. The Enmund/McDaniel Finding ......................................... 660 II. The Kidnapping Sentence ............................................. 661 III. The Informant's Testimony ........................................... 663 A. The Facts Surrounding Defendant's Incarceration, the Dates on Which the State Charged Defendant with Kidnapping and Murder, and the Trial Court's Ruling on Defendant's Motion to Suppress the Informant's Testimony 1. The Facts and the Dates ................................ 663 2. The Trial Court's Ruling ............................... 665 B. The Scope of the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel and the Remedy for its Violation 1. The Right to Counsel ................................... 666 2. The Exclusionary Rule .................................. 667 C. Did the Trial Court Err in Excluding The Informant's Testimony During the Guilt Proceedings Against Defendant? ... 667 1. The Informant as a State Agent ......................... 668 2. Defendant's Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel ........... 668 3. The Exclusionary Rule .................................. 668 D. Did the Trial Court Err in Excluding The Informant's Testimony During the Sentencing Proceedings Against...
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TV or not TV - that is the question.
...(Fla. 1979); State v. McNaught, 713 P.2d 457 (Kan. 1986); The Minnesota Study, supra note 210, at 11. (245) See, e.g., State v. Atwood, 832 P.2d 593, 647-48 (Ariz. 1992) (en banc), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1084 (1993). (246) See, e.g., Bradley v. Texas, 470 F.2d 785 (5th Cir. 1972); Bell v. P......