State v. Bird

• Decision Date: 16 November 1982
• Docket Number: No. 25529,25529
• Citation: 650 P.2d 949,59 Or.App. 74
• Parties: STATE OF Oregon, Respondent, v. Richard Brian BIRD, Appellant. ; CA A20615.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 949

650 P.2d 949

59 Or.App. 74

STATE OF Oregon, Respondent, v. Richard Brian BIRD, Appellant.

No. 25529; CA A20615.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted April 23, 1982.

Decided Sept. 8, 1982.

Reconsideration Denied

Oct. 14, 1980.

Review Denied Nov. 16, 1982.

Marilyn C. McManus, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With her on the brief was Gary D. Babcock, Public Defender, Salem.

Thomas H. Denny, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Dave Frohnmayer, Atty. Gen., and William F. Gary, Sol. Gen.

Before GILLETTE, P. J., and WARDEN and YOUNG, JJ.

WARDEN, Judge.

Defendant appeals his conviction for murder. ORS 163.115. He contends that the trial court erred in (1) failing to order a change of venue; (2) failing to order certain of his statements suppressed; (3) denying his request to have leg shackles removed at trial; (4) excising certain portions of a state's exhibit before admitting it in evidence; (5) instructing the jury that, before it could consider the lesser included offense of manslaughter in the first degree it must reach a verdict of not guilty of the crime of murder; and (6) ordering defendant imprisoned for life with no possibility of parole for 25 years.

Defendant was charged with the murder of a three-year-old neighbor girl in Scappose. In his first assignment of error, he contends that news coverage of the child's death and defendant's subsequent arrest was so extensive that it presumptively deprived him of a fair trial by an impartial jury. A hearing was held on defendant's motion for change of venue. The trial court denied the motion, finding that:

"The articles in substance merely report the fact that a child is missing, subsequent thereto that she was found, that there was a homicide, and subsequent thereto you [defendant] were charged with a particular offense and what is in the indictment. The newspapers articles in and of themselves, I don't feel, constitute a sufficient basis for a change of venue."

After reviewing the news articles in question, we agree with the trial court that the media coverage was not so inflammatory as to prevent defendant from receiving a fair trial. He was given leave to renew the motion when the jury was impaneled, on a showing that an impartial jury could not be selected. He did not renew the motion. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to order a change of venue. State v. Schroeder, 55 Or.App. 932, 935, 640 P.2d 688 (1982).

In his second assignment of error, defendant contends that his pretrial confessions should not have been admitted in evidence, because at the time he made the first confession he was not in a condition freely and voluntarily to waive his right to counsel and right to remain silent. Defendant does not contend that he was not advised of these rights, but only that, because of the police officers' "coercive tactics, and * * * defendant's emotional distress, limited education and intoxication," he was unable to comprehend the substantive content of the warnings given. After hearing the evidence regarding the voluntariness of the confession, the trial court concluded that there was sufficient evidence that defendant voluntarily made the statements to justify sending the confession to the jury. The facts, as set forth in defendant's brief, support that conclusion. It is not our function to try a matter such as this de novo. State v. Regan, 5 Or.App. 491, 484 P.2d 861 (1971).

In defendant's third assignment of error he contends that shackles should have been removed from his legs during trial. In requesting their removal, counsel for defendant stated that because there had been no "incidents" at the two prior hearings the shackling was unnecessary. In denying defendant's request, the court stated:

"[T]he question of the security is ultimately a question that the court leaves to the sheriff's office. They have indicated that they would rather that Mr. Bird have legcuffs on during the trial, and without handcuffs I have indicated that all of this is to be done outside the presence of the jury. He will be seated at counsel table with legcuffs on when the jury comes in * * *."

The trial court made no independent finding that defendant was dangerous or that he exhibited any behavior which would necessitate the placing of leg irons on him at trial. In State v. Kessler, 57 Or.App. 469, 645 P.2d 1070 (1982), we held that it was an abuse of the trial court's discretion to decline to remove the defendant's leg shackles when there was nothing in the record showing a necessity to keep them on him. We stated:

" * * * The trial court could not simply accept the conclusion of the prosecutor that the defendant presented a security risk sufficient to require shackling during trial. * * * " 57 Or.App. at 473, 645 P.2d 1070.

In the present case, the trial court was unaware of the reasons the sheriff wanted defendant in shackles. Without finding that defendant posed an "immediate and serious risk of dangerous or disruptive behavior," State v. Moore, 45 Or.App. 837 840, 609 P.2d 866 (1980), it was an abuse of the trial court's discretion to deny defendant's request to have the shackles removed.

As in Kessler, the state here suggests that defendant has demonstrated no prejudice from the court's ruling. In Kessler, we stated:

" * * * As discussed in People v. Duran, [16 Cal.3d 282, 127 Cal.Rptr. 618, 545 P.2d 1322, 90 A.L.R.3d 1 (1976) ] and Illinois v. Allen, [397 U.S. 337, 90 S.Ct. 1057, 25 L.Ed.2d 353 (1970) ], the prejudice to a defendant shackled or otherwise physically restrained during trial is manifest and need not be proven in an individual case. By showing that he was required to wear leg shackles, without a showing of substantial necessity, defendant has demonstrated a violation of his due process right to a fair trial. See also State v. Moore, [45 Or.App. 837, 609 P.2d 866 (1980) ]." 57 Or.App. at 474-75, 645 P.2d 1070.

After reviewing the record, we cannot say that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. State v....