State v. Brown

• Decision Date: 05 March 1996
• Docket Number: No. 13431,13431
• Citation: 671 A.2d 1316,40 Conn.App. 483
• Court: Connecticut Court of Appeals
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Kenya Omari BROWN.

Page 1316

671 A.2d 1316

40 Conn.App. 483

STATE of Connecticut v. Kenya Omari BROWN.

No. 13431.

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued Oct. 25, 1995.

Decided March 5, 1996.

Robert Sullivan, Torrington, for appellant (defendant).

Frederick W. Fawcett, Assistant State's Attorney, with whom, on the brief, was Donald A. Browne, State's Attorney, and John C. Smriga, Assistant State's Attorney, for appellee (State).

Before DUPONT, C.J., and LAVERY and SPEAR, JJ.

SPEAR, Judge.

The defendant was convicted, after a jury trial, of attempted assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes §§ 53a-49 and 53a-59(a)(1). On appeal, the defendant claims that the trial court improperly (1) deprived him of his statutory and constitutional rights to a speedy trial, (2) excluded as evidence the death certificate of a critical witness, and (3) allowed inflammatory and prejudicial rebuttal testimony of an incompetent witness. We disagree with the defendant's claims and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

The jury reasonably could have found the following relevant facts. On January 9, 1993, the victim, Vincent Broadnax, went to his second floor bedroom to gather his belongings and to move them to an apartment that he had just rented. The victim shared a kitchen, living room, and bathroom with Yolanda Zayas, her five children, and her aunt, Odella Zayas, in the two-family dwelling. When the victim discovered that his clothes were missing, he began to question Odella Zayas. The defendant was in the apartment and threatened to shoot everybody if the victim continued making noise. After the victim stated that the defendant would not shoot anyone, the defendant ran into the victim's room and shot him with a sawed-off rifle. The bullet grazed the victim's upper right thigh. When the victim ran out of the house, the defendant followed and fired another shot that passed completely through the victim's thigh. Bridgeport police officer James Kirkland arrived at the scene as the victim was being transported to a hospital. Kirkland spoke to the defendant who stated that the assailant had fled down the street.

A few days after the shooting, the victim spotted the defendant in a Bridgeport courthouse. The victim telephoned the police station and then notified the state's attorney's office. Kirkland arrested the defendant in the courthouse shortly thereafter. Additional facts will be provided where relevant to a specific claim.

I

The defendant first claims that he was denied his statutory right to a speedy trial. We are unpersuaded.

The defendant was arrested on January 14, 1993, and the information was filed on January 15, 1993. Pursuant to General Statutes § 54-82m and Practice Book § 956B, the defendant, on September 14, 1993, moved for a speedy trial claiming that he had been incarcerated continuously for eight months since his arrest.

Section 54-82m grants a statutory right of speedy trial to defendants in criminal cases. This section authorizes the judges of the Superior Court to promulgate rules "to provide a procedure to assure a speedy trial." In accordance with this mandate, the judges of the Superior Court promulgated Practice Book §§ 956B through 956F. Section 956B(b)(1) provides that the trial of a defendant charged with a criminal offense after July 1, 1985, "shall commence within eight months from the filing of the information or from the date of the arrest, whichever is later, if ... the defendant has been continuously incarcerated in a correctional institution of this state pending trial for such offense...."

On October 13, 1993, the trial court informed the defendant that his trial would not commence until his counsel had completed a trial that had already begun. On October 15, 1993, the defendant moved to dismiss his case pursuant to Practice Book § 956D ¹ and General Statutes § 54-82m. The trial court denied the motion because the defendant's attorney was unavailable. Despite the passage of thirty days between the filing of the motion for speedy trial and the commencement of the trial, the court stated that it could not "read a statute in strict legal technicalities." The court further opined that it would be "unreasonable to say that [the statutory language] is a mandatory 'shall' with no exceptions," and that any attempt to commence the trial within thirty days from the filing of the motion by appointing new counsel for the defendant would "violate his right to have a fair trial and to have the effective assistance of counsel." The trial commenced on October 25, 1993. Pursuant to § 956D, the information shall be dismissed with prejudice if the defendant is not brought to trial within eight months and a trial is not commenced within thirty days of the filing of a motion for a speedy trial, provided, however, the motion is filed "at any time after such time limit has passed." Accordingly, "[i]n order for a motion for a speedy trial to be proper, it must be filed after the running of the requisite time period for commencing a trial." (Emphasis added.) State v. Green, 38 Conn.App. 868, 874, 663 A.2d 1085 (1995); State v. Charlton, 30 Conn.App. 359, 363, 620 A.2d 1297, cert. denied, 225 Conn. 922, 625 A.2d 824 (1993).

In the present case, because the information was filed on January 15, 1993, the eight month period expired at the end of September 14, 1993. ² The earliest time, therefore, that the defendant could have properly filed his motion for speedy trial was September 15, 1993. Because the defendant filed his motion on September 14, 1993, his motion was premature and, thus, improper. As a matter of law, it could not be granted.

The trial court did not rule on this ground and neither party briefed or argued this issue. This, however, does not preclude us from affirming the trial court's decision on this ground. " 'Where the trial court reaches a correct decision but on mistaken grounds, this court has repeatedly sustained the trial court's action if proper grounds exist to support it.' " Kelley v. Bonney, 221 Conn. 549, 592, 606 A.2d 693 (1992), quoting Morris v. Costa, 174 Conn. 592, 597-98, 392 A.2d 468 (1978). Accordingly, despite the trial court's reliance on mistaken grounds in reaching its decision to deny the motion to dismiss, we affirm the result because the motion was premature. ³

II

The defendant claims next that he was denied his state and federal constitutional rights to a speedy trial. ⁴ We disagree.

The defendant's sole argument in support of his claim is that he was prejudiced by the death of an allegedly critical defense witness, Yolanda Zayas. ⁵ While we agree that the death of a defense witness creates prejudice to a defendant, ⁶ we do not focus solely on prejudice in evaluating the defendant's claim. Instead, we must employ the balancing test formulated by the United States Supreme Court in Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972), to determine whether the defendant has been denied his right to a speedy trial. That test balances the following factors: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason for the delay; (3) the defendant's assertion of his right; and (4) the prejudice to the defendant. Id., at 530, 92 S.Ct. at 2191. These factors are not mutually exclusive but, instead, "must be considered together with such other circumstances as may be relevant." Id., at 533, 92 S.Ct. at 2193; see also State v. Toste, 198 Conn. 573, 590, 504 A.2d 1036 (1986). We will address each of the factors in turn.

"The length of the delay is to some extent a triggering mechanism. Until there is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial, there is no necessity for inquiry into the other factors that go into the balance." Barker v. Wingo, supra, 407 U.S. at 530, 92 S.Ct. at 2192. Our courts have held that "[a]lthough nine months is not an overwhelming period of time [to be incarcerated before trial], it is of such length that there is a necessity for inquiry into the other factors that go into the balance." State v. Brown, 172 Conn. 531, 536, 375 A.2d 1024, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 847, 98 S.Ct. 153, 54 L.Ed.2d 114 (1977). Because the defendant in the present case was incarcerated for over nine months from the time of his arrest to the commencement of his trial, we must now address the remaining Barker factors.

In examining the reason for the delay, we focus on whether the state was making a "deliberate attempt to delay the trial in order to hamper the defense" or whether there existed a "valid reason ... [that] should serve to justify appropriate delay." Barker v. Wingo, supra, 407 U.S. at 531, 92 S.Ct. at 2192. The trial court delayed the defendant's trial until the defendant's counsel completed another trial. Soon after the defendant's counsel had completed that trial, the defendant's trial began. We conclude that the trial court had a valid reason to delay the defendant's trial. While the court could have appointed new counsel for the defendant and commenced the trial immediately, that option would in all likelihood have deprived the defendant of his constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel.

In addressing the third Barker factor, we note that the defendant, by motion and by oral demand to the trial court, asserted his right to a speedy trial. "The defendant's assertion of his speedy trial right ... is entitled to strong evidentiary weight in determining whether the defendant is being deprived of the right." Id., at 531-32, 92 S.Ct. at 2192-93.

We last address the prejudice to the defendant caused by the delay in commencing the trial. The defendant bases his argument on the death of one of his witnesses. He claims that Yolanda Zayas was an eyewitness to the shooting and would have testified that someone other than the defendant shot the victim. The defendant further claims that this witness would have provided relevant testimony as to why the defendant did not identify the person he claimed to be the actual shooter when questioned by the...