State v. Chacon

• Decision Date: 05 June 1998
• Docket Number: No. 970008,970008
• Citation: 962 P.2d 48
• Parties: 344 Utah Adv. Rep. 17 STATE of Utah, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Ernest Ruvel CHACON, Defendant and Appellant.
• Court: Utah Supreme Court

Page 48

962 P.2d 48

344 Utah Adv. Rep. 17

STATE of Utah, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Ernest Ruvel CHACON, Defendant and Appellant.

No. 970008.

Supreme Court of Utah.

June 5, 1998.

Jan Graham, Attorney General, James H. Beadles, Assistant Attorney General, Salt Lake City, for plaintiff.

Gregory M. Constantino, Edwin S. Wall, Salt Lake City, for defendant.

Ernest Ruvel Chacon, Draper, pro se.

DURHAM, Associate Chief Justice:

Defendant Ernest Chacon appeals his conviction for aggravated robbery, claiming he received ineffective assistance of counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Chacon seeks a new trial because of the following omissions on the part of trial counsel: (1) failing to file a pretrial notice of intention to rely on a voluntary intoxication defense as required by Utah Code Ann. § 77-14-4 (Supp.1997); (2) failing to adequately investigate the intoxication defense, to seek appointment of a blood alcohol expert, or to call witnesses who could testify as to Chacon's state of intoxication; (3) neglecting to verify Chacon's prior criminal convictions as set forth in the presentence report; (4) stipulating to the admission of evidence; and (5) failing to inform Chacon that he had a right to testify. We affirm.

FACTS

In the early hours of July 5, 1996, after an evening of drinking with family members, Chacon walked into a convenience store armed with a kitchen knife and demanded that the clerk give him all the money in the cash register. Fearing for his life, the store clerk backed away from Chacon. Chacon proceeded to the cash register, where he attempted to open the register himself without success. Chacon again ordered the clerk to open the register and threatened to kill him if he did not cooperate. The clerk refused to comply with Chacon's order and instead fled from the store and called the police. Chacon, frustrated because he could not open the cash register, grabbed a case of beer and six packages of cigarettes and ran from the store.

At that moment, the store manager arrived in her car and saw Chacon leaving the store with the knife, beer, and cigarettes. The manager and Chacon exchanged threats. Chacon departed on foot, followed by the store manager in her car. After following him for approximately ten minutes, the manager returned to the store and gave a description of Chacon to the police. Based on the information provided by the store manager At trial, defense counsel conceded that Chacon took the beer and cigarettes but argued that his intoxication prohibited him from forming the requisite intent for an aggravated robbery conviction. Defense counsel introduced evidence of Chacon's intoxication through the testimony of his wife, who had been with him earlier that evening. She testified that when she left Chacon at approximately 11:00 p.m. on July 4, he had been drinking heavily all day and was intoxicated. However, the store clerk testified that he did not detect any signs of intoxication. Both the store manager and the clerk identified Chacon at trial as the individual who robbed their convenience store and identified the knife as the weapon used during the robbery. The jury rejected the intoxication defense and convicted Chacon as charged.

and clerk, the police officer tracked him to his home a few blocks away, where the officer found Chacon and a friend drinking the stolen beer. As the officer approached, he observed Chacon drop something from his hand. On the ground, the officer found the knife used in the robbery.

Pursuant to Utah Rule of Appellate Procedure 23B, Chacon moved this court to remand this case to the trial court for the purpose of entering findings of fact relevant to his ineffective assistance of counsel claim. We denied that motion because the record before us was adequate to evaluate the merits of the issues raised.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Because Chacon is represented by new counsel on appeal, and because we have already determined that the record is adequate to review his claims of ineffective assistance of counsel for the first time on direct appeal, we will proceed to evaluate those claims as a matter of law. See State v. Hovater, 914 P.2d 37, 39 (Utah 1996) (citing State v. Humphries, 818 P.2d 1027, 1029 (Utah 1991)); State v. Tennyson, 850 P.2d 461, 466 (Utah Ct.App.1993). To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, Chacon must meet the heavy burden of showing that (1) trial counsel rendered deficient performance which fell below an objective standard of reasonable professional judgment, and (2) counsel's deficient performance prejudiced him. State v. Arguelles, 921 P.2d 439, 441 (Utah 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)). Chacon must therefore identify specific acts or omissions that fell outside the wide range of professional assistance and illustrate that, absent those acts or omissions, there is a " 'reasonable probability' " of a more favorable result. Parsons v. Barnes, 871 P.2d 516, 522 (Utah 1994) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052). The proof that such omissions prejudiced Chacon must be " 'a demonstrable reality and not a speculative matter.' " Codianna v. Morris, 660 P.2d 1101, 1109 (Utah 1983) (quoting State v. McNicol, 554 P.2d 203, 204 (Utah 1976)). Because Chacon has failed to meet the burden of demonstrating any prejudice flowing from trial counsel's omissions, we affirm his conviction.

ISSUES

Trial counsel failed to file pretrial notice of Chacon's intent to rely on intoxication as a defense as required by Utah Code Ann. § 77-14-4 (Supp.1997). However, because trial counsel presented evidence of, and argued, voluntary intoxication to the jury without objection from the State, and because the jury was given an instruction on the intoxication defense, Chacon suffered no prejudice as a result of his counsel's neglect. Chacon further complains that, at sentencing, his trial counsel did not verify the convictions listed in the presentence report. Chacon does not point to any inaccuracies in that report, again failing to establish prejudice from counsel's omission. In Chacon's supplemental pro se brief, he asserts that counsel did not inform him of his right to testify. ¹ That omission, he argues, precluded him from offering exculpatory evidence regarding his level of intoxication. In his supplemental brief, Chacon sets forth the testimony that he would have given. None of that testimony in any way negates the required mens rea for robbery or undermines our confidence in the jury's verdict. Therefore, even if Chacon's trial counsel did fail to inform him of his right to testify, that failure...