State v. City of Monona

• Decision Date: 02 April 1974
• Docket Number: No. 385,385
• Citation: 216 N.W.2d 230,63 Wis.2d 67
• Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Wisconsin, Appellant, v. CITY OF MONONA, Respondent.

Page 230

216 N.W.2d 230

63 Wis.2d 67

STATE of Wisconsin, Appellant, v. CITY OF MONONA, Respondent.

No. 385.

Supreme Court of Wisconsin.

April 2, 1974.

Robert W. Warren, Atty. Gen., John E. Kofron, Asst. Atty. Gen., Madison, for appellant.

Robert D. Sundby, DeWitt, McAndrews & Porter, Madison, for respondent.

BEILFUSS, Justice.

The penalty section authorizing the forfeiture is sec. 144.57, Stats., and provides as follows:

'Penalties. Any person who violates this chapter, or who fails, neglects or refuses to obey any general or special order of the department, shall forfeit not less than $10 nor more than $5,000, for each violation, failure or refusal. Each day of continued violation is a separate offense. While the order is suspended, stayed or enjoined, such penalty shall not accrue.'

The finding of fact, conclusions of law and judgment were prepared by the state at the trial court's direction and signed by the court. These findings of fact, in part, are as follows:

'4. The City of Monona did not completely compact and cover its entire site with at least six inches of cover material until after December 14, 1972.

'5. The City of Monona did not completely cover its above site with at least two feet of compacted earth material adequately sloped to allow water runoff until January 9, 1973.

'6. On each and every day from July 1, 1972, up to and including January 9, 1973, the City of Monona landfill site contained significant areas of land in which:

'(a) Demolition material was exposed and uncovered;

'(b) Trash, including tin cans, was exposed and uncovered;

'(c) Slopes were so steeply graded that they were highly erodible;

'(d) Erosion had occurred to the extent that previously covered trash materials resurfaced and were reexposed to the elements;

'(e) Depressions sufficient to hold quantities of stagnant water existed in several locations, and in particular one depression three feet deep remained unaltered in the site's center from July 3, 1972, until after December 11, 1972.'

The conclusions of law provide, in part:

'3. While a literal application of Wisconsin Statute 144.57 would provide for a forfeiture of not less than $10 per day, commencing from July 1, 1972, until at least January 9, 1973, the effect of the minimum forfeiture in 144.57 is superseded by 288.06, Stats.

'4. Under the authority of 288.06, Stats., this court can grant a smaller forfeiture, in the interest of justice, than would otherwise be dictated by a literal application of 144.57, Stats.

'5. After reviewing the evidence presented, this court finds that a literal application of the minimum forfeiture of 144.57, Stats., would be more than proportionate to the offense, and thus that 288.06, Stats., should be controlling in this instance.

'6. It is determined that plaintiff is entitled to recover a forfeiture of $200.'

The state vigorously contends that the trial court had in effect found that the city was in violation of the DNR order for a period of 193 days and that it had no authority to impose a forfeiture of less than $10 for each day of the violation and that to impose a forfeiture of less than the statutory minimum is error.

The state argues that the trial court erroneously utilized sec. 288.06, Stats., to justify an imposition of forfeiture less than the statutory minimum.

Sec. 288.06, Stats., provides:

'Action for what sum. When a forfeiture is imposed, not exceeding a specific sum or when it is not less than one sum or more than another, the action may be brought for the highest sum specified; and judgment may be rendered for such sum as the court or jury shall assess or determine to be proportionate to the offense.'

We believe the position taken by the state is correct. Sec. 288.06, Stats., permits the plaintiff to demand the upper limits of the forfeiture as provided by the legislature. It also allows the court in its discretion to impose a forfeiture of less than the amount demanded 'proportionate to the offense.' However, there is no authority in sec. 288.06 to impose less than the statutory minimum.

The legislature has, within its authority, set the minimum and maximum forfeitures to be imposed. The court can and should exercise its discretion within those limits but cannot impose forfeitures either above or below those limitations. To do so is beyond its permissible discretion and a forfeiture imposed either above or below the statutory limitations is void. ¹

In State v. Wisconsin Central R. Co. (1907), 133 Wis. 478, 485, 113 N.W. 952, this court stated:

'. . . In the statute under consideration the Legislature has clearly expressed its intention that a penalty should be imposed for each and every violation. The language is plain and unambiguous, and we cannot say the Legislature did not mean what it said. Such a statute clearly authorizes the collection of cumulative penalties. . . .'

The state contends that the findings of fact permit only one conclusion, namely, that the city violated the order for a period of 193 days and that the minimum forfeiture that could be imposed by the trial court was $10 per day or $1,930.

After the record of the trial court was filed with the clerk of this court, upon motion, we permitted the city to file an affidavit of the trial judge as a part of the appeal record wherein the trial judge stated:

'4. That on June 13, 1973 this affiant signed findings of fact and conclusions of law submitted to it by counsel for Appellant herein.

'5. That insofar as such findings of fact and conclusions of law may be interpreted as finding the City of Monona in violation of Department of Natural Resources Order No....