State v. Dukes

• Decision Date: 28 January 1969
• Citation: 157 Conn. 498,255 A.2d 614
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Charles O. DUKES.

Page 614

255 A.2d 614

157 Conn. 498

STATE of Connecticut v. Charles O. DUKES.

Supreme Court of Connecticut.

Jan. 28, 1969.

Alfonse C. Fasano, New Haven, for appellant (defendant).

John D. LaBelle, State's Atty., with whom, on the brief, was George D. Stoughton, Asst. State's Atty., for appellee (State).

Before KING, C.J., and ALCORN, HOUSE, COTTER and RYAN, JJ.

HOUSE, Associate Justice.

On pleas of guilty the defendant was sentenced to the state prison on charges of larceny and receiving stolen goods and of violation of the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. New counsel thereafter appeared for him and represents him on this appeal.

Despite our repeated strictures against the practice, the defendant has made a wholesale attack upon the finding of the court. Morrone v. Jose, 153 Conn. 275, 276, 216 A.2d 196; Franchey v. Hannes, 152 Conn. 372, 374, 207 A.2d 268; Jarrett v. Jarrett, 151 Conn. 180, 181, 195 A.2d 430. He has attacked twenty-eight of the fifty-five paragraphs of the court's finding of facts and eleven of the fifteen paragraphs of its conclusions and has assigned error in the refusal of the court to find thirty-six paragraphs of his draft finding, all asserted to be admitted or undisputed. Such an attack is wholly unwarranted and completely devoid of support in the record. The defendant's brief contains no appendix with evidence supporting his assertions. See Practice Book §§ 715-17. To secure an addition to a finding on the claim that the omitted facts were admitted or undisputed 'it is necessary for an appellant to point to some part of the appendix, the pleadings, or an exhibit properly before us, which discloses that the appellee admitted that the fact in question was true or that its truth was conceded to be undisputed. Maltbie, Conn.App.Proc., § 158. * * * A further requirement for such an addition to the finding is that the particular portion of the appendix, pleadings or exhibit, as the case may be, relied upon as requiring the addition, be pointed out in the appellant's brief. Maltbie, op. cit., § 328.' Brown v. Connecticut Light & Power Co., 145 Conn. 290, 293, 141 A.2d 634; Practice Book § 717; Drazen Lumber Co. v. Casner, 156 Conn. 401, 403, 242 A.2d 754; Marshall v. Newington, 156 Conn. 107, 111, 239 A.2d 478; Brockett v. Jensen, 154 Conn. 328, 330, 225 A.2d 190; State v. Grimes, 154 Conn. 314, 325, 228 A.2d 141. On the other hand, the challenged paragraphs of the finding of facts either are directly supported by the contents of the appendix to the brief of the state or are based on inferences reasonably drawn therefrom. We use the term 'contents' rather than 'evidence' advisedly. The defendant submitted no evidence to the court in connection with any of the motions, which he claims were erroneously denied. Consequently, the court's finding was, of necessity, based on the record and representations made to the court by counsel and the defendant-a circumstance in which the province of the trial court to determine credibility must be given its due weight. Krattenstein v. G. Fox & Co., 155 Conn. 609, 611, 236 A.2d 466; Marquis v. Drost, 155 Conn. 327, 331, 231 A.2d 527; Taylor v. Taylor, 154 Conn. 340, 341, 225 A.2d 196; Solari v. Seperak, 154 Conn. 179, 183, 224 A.2d 529.

Before we leave the defendant's unsuccessful attack on the finding, it is pertinent to note one other unsupported assignment of error, which is that the court erred in finding that the defendant made no claims of law. In trials to the court, if counsel intends to raise any question of law which may be the subject of appeal to this court, he must first raise them in the trial court. ¹ The trial court here has expressly found that the defendant did not make any claims of law, and the defendant has submitted nothing to support his present claim that he did. Nor has he made any effort to rectify the appeal pursuant to Practice Book § 675 if the court failed to comply with the provisions of § 619 and include any claims of law which the defendant did in fact make. See Kyser v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 155 Conn. 236, 248, 230 A.2d 595; Rifkin v. Rifkin, 155 Conn. 7, 8, 229 A.2d 358; Thorne v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 154 Conn. 718, 222 A.2d 809. 'Claims of law, to receive consideration in this court, must have been raised in the court below. They may not for the first time be raised here. Since no claims of law were raised in the court below, the appeal presents no question proper for our consideration. Practice Book §§ 223, 652.' Bigionti v. Argraves, 152 Conn. 700, 701, 204 A.2d 408, 409; State v. Taylor, 153 Conn. 72, 86, 214 A.2d 362.

Ordinarily, this determination should conclude our discussion of this case. The defendant, however, stands convicted of serious crimes involving a substantial penalty and in this court has made a claim that in the proceedings in the trial court he was deprived of his constitutional rights under the fifth, sixth and fourteenth amendments to the constitution of the United States. To the extent that the record permits us to do so, we are constrained to examine the merits of this claim. See State v. Wilkas, 154 Conn. 407, 409, 225 A.2d 821.

After a hearing on probable cause, the defendant on April 17, 1967, was bound over to the Superior Court on the narcotics charge and on the charge of receiving stolen goods. The law firm of Zaccagnino, Linardos and Delaney entered an appearance for him. Defense counsel was notified on Monday, May 1, 1967, that the case was ready for trial and was advised to be ready. Attorney Peter J. Zaccagnino, Jr., was present in court awaiting trial on May 2, 3 and 4, and the case was reached for trial on May 9. The defendant and his counsel were present. After a brief recess, Attorney Zaccagnino informed the court that he thought he was going to petition the court to withdraw from the case owing to a slight conflict between the defendant and himself and because his client had told him that he wanted to represent himself. He also told the court that his client had told him that he might get additional counsel. Thereafter, counsel argued motions to quash the information, for a bill of particulars and to suppress certain evidence. After these motions had been argued and decided, the defendant himself addressed the court and stated that he was afraid that there was going to be resentment if he had local counsel and that he would like the opportunity to hire an attorney from another state. He told the court that, if he did not have an opportunity to hire an attorney from another state, he would then like to try his own case. Counsel then requested and was granted a continuance of the trial until the next day, May 10, in order for the defendant to get other counsel or to represent himself. Thereupon, the defendant was put to plea, pleaded not guilty and elected a trial by a jury of twelve. Counsel also advised the defendant and the defendant acknowledged that he understood that he was to proceed to trial the next morning, and the defendant told the court that he understood that.

On the next day, May 10, the case was again continued for trial to begin on May 16. On May 16, the defendant appeared with Attorney Robert C. Delaney, a member of the firm of Zaccagnino, Linardos and Delaney, and requested permission of the court to change his plea to the information. The court was requested by the state's attorney to make inquiry of the defendant with respect to representation by counsel since there had been prior indication that counsel wished to withdraw from the case. The court (Johnson, J.,) thereupon inquired of the defendant whether he was fully satisfied with the services of his counsel, and the defendant replied: 'Yes, sir.' The court then informed the defendant of the state's burden of proof of guilt and of his right to a trial and ascertained that the defendant knew the probable consequences of a change of plea and that the change was being made of the defendant's own free will and not because of the inducement or influence of anyone. The court thereupon accepted the change of plea, the defendant pleaded guilty to both charges, and the court referred the case to the probation department for a presentence investigation and report and continued the case under the same bond for sentencing on June 2.

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