State v. Fisher

• Decision Date: 04 March 1932
• Docket Number: 5202
• Citation: 79 Utah 115,8 P.2d 589
• Court: Utah Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE v. FISHER

8 P.2d 589

79 Utah 115

STATE v. FISHER

No. 5202

Supreme Court of Utah

March 4, 1932

Appeal from District Court, Third District, Salt Lake County; D. W Moffat, Judge.

Fred A Fisher was convicted of obtaining money by false pretenses and he appeals.

REVERSED and REMANDED, with directions.

Kelly & Schiller, of Salt Lake City, for appellant.

Geo. P. Parker, Atty. Gen., and M. Logan Rich, Deputy Atty. Gen., for the State.

ELIAS HANSEN, J. STRAUP, FOLLAND, and EPHRAIM HANSON, JJ., concur. CHERRY, C. J., dissents.

OPINION

ELIAS HANSEN, J.

Defendant was convicted of the crime of obtaining the sum of $ 600 from Hester C. Chamberlin by false pretenses and sentenced to serve an indeterminate term in the state prison. He appeals.

The charging part of the information upon which the judgment of conviction is founded reads as follows:

"That the said Fred A. Fisher, on the 9th day of January, A. D. 1929, at the County of Salt Lake, State of Utah, wilfully, unlawfully, knowingly, designedly and feloniously, and with intent to cheat and defraud Hester C. Chamberlin of her personal property hereinafter described, did falsely and fraudulently pretend and represent to the said Hester C. Chamberlin that he, the said Fred A. Fisher was the owner of and had title to one Packard Club Sedan automobile, Style 3, Body 43, Model 1929, free and clear of all encumbrances.

"And the said Hester C. Chamberlin then and there believing the said false pretense and representation so made as aforesaid by the said Fred A. Fisher to be true, and then and there being deceived thereby, was then and there induced to pay to and she did then and there pay to the said Fred A. Fisher the sum of $ 600.00 lawful money of the United States of America, the personal property of the said Hester C. Chamberlin.

"And the said Fred A. Fisher did then and there wilfully, unlawfully, knowingly, designedly and feloniously receive and obtain the said money of the said Hester C. Chamberlin by means of the false pretense and representation so made as aforesaid, and with intent then and there to cheat and defraud the said Hester C. Chamberlin of said money, whereas in truth and in fact the said Fred A. Fisher was not and well knew that he was not the owner of and did not have title to, and well knew that he did not have title to one Packard Club Sedan automobile, Style 3, Body 43, Model 1929, free and clear of all encumbrances.

"And the said Hester C. Chamberlin would not as aforesaid have parted with said property except upon the representation so made to her as aforesaid by the said Fred A. Fisher."

After the evidence was in, the state asked and was granted permission to amend the information so that the defendant was charged with receiving a check instead of money, but, in the view we take, a consideration of the amendment is not necessary.

Defendant filed a general demurrer to the information. The demurrer was overruled. Such ruling is assigned as error. Appellant cites in support of his claim that the information fails to charge a public offense the following authorities: People v. White, 7 Cal.App. 99, 93 P. 683; People v. Canfield, 28 Cal.App. 792, 154 P. 33; People v. Bliss, 47 Cal.App. 503, 190 P. 1046; People v. Kahler, 26 Cal.App. 449, 147 P. 228; Cummings v. State, 36 Tex. Crim. 152, 36 S.W. 266; Jones v. State, 22 Fla. 532; State v. Saunders, 63 Mo. 482; State v. Bonnell, 46 Mo. 395; Cooke v. State, 83 Ind. 402; Wagoner v. State, 90 Ind. 504; People v. Brown, 71 Mich. 296, 38 N.W. 916; State v. Freeman, 103 Miss. 764, 60 So. 774; 3 Bishop Crim. Pro. par. 169 et seq.; 1 McLain Crim. Law, pars. 680, 681; 25 C. J. 618 et seq.

Respondent contends that sufficient facts were alleged in the information to charge a public offense and cites in support thereof the following authorities: People v. Raplee, 75 Cal.App. 38, 241 P. 892; People v. Flowers, 54 Cal.App. 214, 201 P. 468; People v. Pearson, 69 Cal.App. 524, 231 P. 612; Willis v. State, 34 Ariz. 363, 271 P. 725; Sanford v. Commonwealth, 212 Ky. 758, 280 S.W. 106; Norris v. State, 170 Ark. 484, 280 S.W. 398; State v. Grady, 147 Miss. 446, 111 So. 148; People v. Henninger, 20 Cal.App. 79, 128 P. 352; Addington v. State, 16 Ala. App. 10, 74 So. 846; Smith v. Commonwealth, 141 Ky. 534, 133 S.W. 228.

The authorities cited by the respective parties deal with the question of what facts are, and what facts are not, necessary to allege in charging the crime of obtaining money or property by false pretenses. It is agreed by all the authorities that an information to charge the crime of obtaining money or property by false pretenses must show a causal connection between the payment of the money or the parting with the title or possession of the property and the false representations charged. In other words, the information must allege the purpose for which the injured party paid the money or transferred the title or possession of the property to another, and that the money was so paid or the possession or title to the property transferred because of the alleged false representations. The great weight of authority requires that this connection be directly alleged, otherwise the information will not support a conviction. There are cases, a number of which are cited in the state's brief, which hold that, if the allegations of the information are such that "no person of common understanding could fail to understand that it was substantially charged by necessary inference, at least, that the money was paid because of the alleged false representations and for the purpose suggested thereby," then, and in such case, an information sufficiently shows the causal connection between the payment of the money and the false representations. A leading case holding the latter view, and from which the above quotation is taken, is that of People v. Griesheimer, 176 Cal. 44, 167 P. 521, 522.

The Griesheimer Case was decided in 1917. Prior to the decision in that case California seems to have been in accord with the majority rule. People v. Jordan, 66 Cal. 10, 4 P. 773, 56 Am. Rep. 73; People v. White, 7 Cal.App. 99, 93 P. 683; People v. Kahler, 26 Cal.App. 449, 147 P. 228. In reaching the conclusion that the information in the Griesheimer Case charged a public offense, a majority of the members of the Supreme Court of California seems to have regarded the following provision of the Constitution of that state as of controlling importance:

"No judgment shall be set aside, or new trial granted in any case, * * * for any error as to any matter of pleading, * * * unless, after an examination of the entire cause, including the evidence, the court shall be of the opinion that the error complained of has resulted in a miscarriage of justice."

Three of the seven justices who participated in the Griesheimer Case dissented. The dissenting opinion, written by Mr. Justice Henshaw, cites and reviews numerous authorities which follow the majority rule, which requires that the purpose for which the victim parted with his money or property must be directly alleged. The cases of People v. Flowers, People v. Pearson, People v. Raplee, and Willis v. State, supra, cite and follow the rule announced by the majority of the court in the Griesheimer Case.

In the cases of State v. Howd, 55 Utah 527, 188 P 628, 630, and State v. Casperson (Appeal of Snyder), 71 Utah 68, 262 P. 294, 296, this court had occasion to...