State v. Friend, 11533.

• Decision Date: 10 November 1980
• Docket Number: No. 11533.,11533.
• Citation: State v. Friend, 607 S.W.2d 902 (Mo. App. 1980)
• Parties: STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Benjamin J. FRIEND, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

607 S.W.2d 902

STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Benjamin J. FRIEND, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 11533.

Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, Division One.

November 10, 1980.

John D. Ashcroft, Atty. Gen., John M. Morris, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for plaintiff-respondent.

Harry R. Stafford, Jr., Hartville, for defendant-appellant.

TITUS, Judge.

Defendant was jury-tried and found guilty of feloniously stealing 36 yearling heifers. §§ 560.156 and 560.161-2(3) RSMo 1969. In accordance with the verdict, defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five years. Defendant appealed.

In his first two points relied on defendant says that certain veniremen were excused and substituted in a manner contrary to law, thereby depriving him of a jury representing a fair-cross-section of the community and of his right to a jury trial under the state and federal constitutions and the statutory law of Missouri. To understand the complaints contained in the two points we must resort to the argument portion of defendant's brief and the legal file, something we are not required to do. Rule 30.06(d), V.A.M.R.; State v. Davis, 586 S.W.2d 748, 7504 (Mo.App.1979). Nonetheless, the basis of the complaints is defendant's contention that the circuit clerk "without the knowledge or consent of nor at the direction of the court" excused three potential jurors and substituted three others in their stead.

The trial judge had before him the "Summons for a Jury" form showing the names of the persons called to jury service. On this was indicated those who had been excused, those (in proper instances) who had been substituted therefor and those added to the original list. Defendant's objections to the jury panel came after the voir dire examination of the veniremen. The mere fact defendant's objections to the veniremen were overruled, is evidence that the court gave tacit approval to what had been done by the clerk. It is needless for us to decide whether § 494.260 RSMo 1969, and the statutes therein cited, were strictly followed. Statutory provisions detailing the methods by which services of additional or substitute jurors are obtained are directory. Unless defendant demonstrates he has been prejudiced or that his interests have been adversely affected by the court's failure to follow the statutory provisions, he is entitled to no relief. State v. Pettis, 522 S.W.2d 12, 155 (Mo.App.1975). There was no showing of prejudice or that defendant's interests had been adversely affected by the procedure.

"In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a `distinctive' group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that this underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury-selection process." Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364, 99 S.Ct. 664, 668, 58 L.Ed.2d 579, 586-5873 (1979). It is enough to observe that defendant did not and here does not undertake to show that the substitutions made for the excused jurors in any manner violated the fair-cross-section requirement, supra, in that there was no showing or attempted showing that the three necessary elements existed in this case. Defendant's first two points relied on are denied.

Defendant's third point relied on reads: "The court erred in permitting the jury to separate during trial at recesses without the state's approval and defendant's approval."¹ Bare assertions made in a point relied on in defendant's brief which are wholly unsupported by the transcript on appeal, are not for consideration on appeal State v. McMillin, 581 S.W.2d 612, 6167 (Mo.App.1979) for we are restricted to a consideration of the evidence in the transcript. State v. Atkins, 549 S.W.2d 927, 930-9319 (Mo.App.1977). The primary thing wrong with this point is that the transcript nowhere indicates the jurors were permitted to separate during recesses. In fact, the only record evidence on the subject is that the sheriff did, in fact, take charge of the jury during a luncheon recess. But even assuming, which we do not, that the jurors were permitted to separate during recesses, in the absence of any objection thereto, as here, we presume the necessary consent to the separation was given by the defendant. State v. Turner, 320 S.W.2d 579, 58616 (Mo.1959); State v. Montgomery, 363 Mo. 459, 463, 251 S.W.2d 654, 6562 (1952). The third point is denied.

The fourth point relied on: "The court erred in failing to declare a mistrial at defendant's request after a showing that complaining witness Silzell approached and conferred with a member of the jury during recess, the state having failed during the evidentiary hearing to show that the said conversation and approach by the said jury member did not constitute an improper influence of that juror."

This point, according to the evidence adduced thereto, has this factual background. During a recess, the prosecuting witness was in the hallway outside the courtroom when he saw a deputy sheriff, either intentionally or inadvertently, knock a cigarette from the mouth of a juror. The witness then said to another juror: "He knocked that out, didn't he?" The juror did not reply to the question. There was no showing that anything relating to the case at trial was discussed or that the witness' lone unanswered question to the juror resulted in any prejudice to defendant's rights. While even innocent...